Trop Med Infect Dis
November 2024
The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) presents a challenge due to a variety of non-specific clinical signs. The available tests have low sensitivity. This study aimed to standardize and evaluate the loop-mediated isothermal amplification technique with K26 target (K26-LAMP) for diagnosis of CVL in conjunctival swab (CS) DNA samples extracted through a silica column commercial kit (SW-kit) and boiling (SW-DB) and to compare sensitivity with conventional PCR (kDNA-cPCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (18S-qPCR).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFItraconazole (ITZ) is the most used drug to treat feline sporotrichosis; however, little is known about its pharmacokinetics in cats with this mycosis. The aim of this study was to determine plasma ITZ concentrations in cats with sporotrichosis treated with ITZ as monotherapy or in combination with potassium iodide (KI). Cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis received orally ITZ (100 mg/cat/day) or combination therapy with ITZ (100 mg/cat/day) and KI (2.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
June 2024
Despite the central role of cats in the transmission and amplification of , studies regarding immune response in feline sporotrichosis are scarce. In cats with sporotrichosis, neutrophil-rich lesions are usually associated to good general condition and lower fungal burden. However, the role of neutrophils in anti- immunity has been little explored in cats.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis is caused by the protozoan and dogs are reservoirs for this parasite. For the diagnosis of at the species level in dogs in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded skin (FFPES) samples, colorimetric in situ hybridization (CISH) and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) are options, but their sensitivities are not well established. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the sensitivity of these two techniques in FFPES for the diagnosis of the infection in dogs using culture as the reference standard.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Acylhydrazone (AH) derivatives represent a novel category of anti-fungal medications that exhibit potent activity against sp., both and in a murine model of sporotrichosis. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-fungal efficacy of the AH derivative D13 [4-bromo-'-(3,5-dibromo-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-benzohydrazide] against both planktonic cells and biofilms formed by .
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
January 2024
Feline sporotrichosis is an endemic disease with high occurrence in Brazil. Itraconazole (ITZ) remains the drug of choice for treating this disease in cats, despite the increasing reports of therapeutic failure. A controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed on 166 naive cats with sporotrichosis to assess the effectiveness and safety of the combination therapy with ITZ and potassium iodide (KI) compared with ITZ monotherapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sporothrix brasiliensis is a pathogenic dimorphic fungus that affects humans and animals causing sporotrichosis. The treatment of this disease with conventional antifungals commonly results in therapeutic failures and resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of curcumin (CUR) mediated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) in its pure state and incorporated into pharmaceutical formulation in gel form, on the filamentous and yeast forms of S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
May 2023
Background: Epidemiological data related to leishmaniases or Leishmania infection in horses are scarce. However, studies carried out in different regions in the world showed equids parasitised by Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum and L.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Infect Microbiol
December 2022
Since 1998, the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, has become a public health problem regarding sporotrichosis, a disease caused by spp. involving contact with infected cats. Efforts to isolate these species from environmental sources are not always successful.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Fungi (Basel)
November 2022
Canine sporotrichosis is a poorly described global disease and a spatial approach has not yet been used to assess the disease in dogs. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the occurrence of canine sporotrichosis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 1998 to 2018 and its correlation with socioeconomic characteristics using exploratory spatial data analysis. A total of 295 cases of canine sporotrichosis were identified and 249 were georeferenced.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by thermodimorphic fungi of the genus Sporothrix. The phenotypic and genotypic differences of the isolates within the genus Sporothrix have been associated with their geographic distribution, virulence capacity, or clinical manifestation of sporotrichosis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the causative agent of sporotrichosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFeline sporotrichosis is enzootic in different regions of Brazil, especially in Rio de Janeiro. This study compared the genotype profiles of sp. isolated from cats in Rio de Janeiro between 1998 and 2018 and evaluated their association with clinical and epidemiological characteristics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe domestic cat is the most susceptible host to Sporothrix infection, developing severe clinical forms. Few effective antifungal agents are available for treating feline sporotrichosis, and cases of treatment failure are common. Treatment success depends on cat health status, therapy-related factors, as well as social/economic issues, but it is mainly contingent upon the host-fungus interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMycopathologia
August 2022
Feline sporotrichosis has emerged as an important public health issue in some countries, especially Brazil. Currently, zoonotic transmission of Sporothrix brasiliensis by domestic cats is the major sporotrichosis spread form throughout this country. Sporotrichosis in Brazil is a good model for the One Health concept application, which connects the environment, human and animal health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic reinforced the central role of the One Health (OH) approach, as a multisectoral and multidisciplinary perspective, to tackle health threats at the human-animal-environment interface. This study assessed Brazilian preparedness and response to COVID-19 and zoonoses with a focus on the OH approach and equity dimensions. We conducted an environmental scan using a protocol developed as part of a multi-country study.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPathogens
February 2022
Sporotrichosis is the most prevalent subcutaneous mycosis globally, and it is typically caused by direct inoculation of the soil saprophytic fungus spp. into the patients' skin. However, sporotrichosis has an important zoonotic transmission route between cats and humans in hot-spot endemic areas such as Brazil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
January 2022
Sporotrichosis is a chronic, cosmopolitan granulomatous mycosis that affects humans and animals. The infection is caused by the dimorphic fungi sp. The aims of the present study were to evaluate, standardize and validate a nested PCR technique using two DNA purification kits for the extraction of DNA from formalin fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues (FFPE) for sp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryptococcosis is a systemic fungal disease acquired from contaminated environments with propagules of the basidiomycetous yeasts of the and species complexes. The species complex classically comprises four major molecular types (VNI, VNII, VNIII, and VNIV), and the species complex comprises another four (VGI, VGII, VGIII, and VGIV) and the newly identified molecular type VGV. These major molecular types differ in their epidemiological and ecological features, clinical presentations, and therapeutic outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasit Vectors
June 2021
Sporotrichosis is an emerging mycosis caused by members of the genus The disease affects humans and animals, particularly cats, which plays an important role in the zoonotic transmission. Feline sporotrichosis treatment options include itraconazole (ITC), potassium iodide and amphotericin B, drugs usually associated with deleterious adverse reactions and refractoriness in cats, especially when using ITC. Thus, affordable, non-toxic and clinically effective anti- agents are needed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFParasitol Res
February 2021
This study aimed to genetically characterize Toxoplasma gondii isolates obtained from free-range chickens reared in the metropolitan region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to evaluate the morbidity and histological changes associated with these isolates in mice. A mouse bioassay was used to isolate T. gondii from a pool of tissue samples (brain, heart, and thigh muscles) collected from 163 chickens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSporotrichosis is a subcutaneous infection caused by fungi from the genus . It is transmitted by inoculation of infective particles found in plant-contaminated material or diseased animals, characterizing the classic sapronotic and emerging zoonotic transmission, respectively. Since 1998, southeastern Brazil has experienced a zoonotic sporotrichosis epidemic caused by , centred in the state of Rio de Janeiro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCat-transmitted sporotrichosis caused by has become a major public health concern and presents a distinct divergence from the traditional epidemiology of sporotrichosis. This emerging fungal pathogen spreads readily among cat populations, and human infections occur exclusively via zoonotic transmission. While sporotrichosis is an implantation mycosis that typically manifests as cutaneous lesions in humans and cats, severe extracutaneous manifestations are more common with than other species infections.
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