Cement leakage in percutaneous vertebroplasty for spinal metastases: a retrospective evaluation of incidence and risk factors.

Study Design: Retrospective assessment of risk factors using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Objective: To evaluate risk factors retrospectively for cement leakage (CL), including vascular cement leakage (vCL) and cortical cement leakage (cCL), in percutaneous vertebroplasty of spinal metastasis.

Summary Of Background Data: Complications of vertebroplasty for spine metastasis are rare but related to extravertebral cement leakage that is pulmonary embolism and medullary compression.

Effect of bacterial interactions on the spoilage of cold-smoked salmon.

Cold-smoked salmon is a lightly preserved fish product in which a mixed microbial flora develops during storage and where the interactive behaviour of micro-organisms may contribute to their growth and spoilage activity. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the bacterial interactions between the main species contaminating the cold-smoked salmon on bacterial growth, chemical and sensory changes, and spoilage. First, Carnobacterium piscicola, Photobacterium phosphoreum, Lactobacillus sakei, Vibrio sp.