[Les effets de la méditation de pleine conscience sur les symptômes cognitivo- émotionnels dans le trouble cognitif léger et la maladie d'Alzheimer : une revue de littérature narrative].

La maladie d'Alzheimer se manifeste par des troubles de la mémoire et un déclin cognitif plus général, le plus souvent associés à des troubles de l'humeur et du comportement. Les traitements médicamenteux ayant une efficacité assez modeste, il apparaît nécessaire de leur associer une prise en charge non pharmacologique. La méditation de pleine conscience, qui a des effets bénéfiques sur le fonctionnement cognitif et sur l'état émotionnel, semble être une piste intéressante.

The memory deficit hypothesis of compulsive checking in OCD: what are we really talking about? A narrative review.

We reviewed studies that have specifically explored the memory deficit hypothesis of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) checking, highlighting the methodological differences between these studies that may explain inconsistencies regarding memory deficits in OCD checkers. Based on Conway's proposition that one function of episodic memories is to keep an adaptive record of recent goal processing in order to check that actions have actually been accomplished, we suggest that impaired autonoetic consciousness -one of the main features of episodic memory- may be at the heart of the issue of checking compulsion. Autonoetic consciousness, that can be experimentally assessed by the Remember/Know/Guess paradigm,could be impaired in OCD checkers leading them to be unable to mentally relive their actions in order to be assured that they have been accomplished (e.

Inhibitory control of threat remembering in PTSD.

Intrusive traumatic recollections suggest an inability in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to control and notably to inhibit memories for trauma-related information. Supported by inhibitory deficits found on experimental settings in PTSD, memory functioning and memory biases in the disorder were usually explained through inhibitory and control deficits in the processing of trauma-related information. The present study aimed to directly assess this hypothesis by investigating memory control abilities for emotional information in PTSD.

Effortful memory processes under stereotype threat and self-concept in aging.

The present study aimed at exploring the effect of stereotype threat on the controlled part of memory in older adults using a deep level of processing, namely, self-reference encoding. To meet this objective, 25 younger adults and 25 older adults performed a Remember/Know recognition task following self-reference versus other-reference encoding of adjective traits, under stereotype threat or not. The results indicated that under stereotype threat, older adults' production of Remember responses was specifically impaired following self-reference encoding.

The self-reference effect in memory: an implicit way to assess affective self-representations in social anxiety.

This study was designed to assess, through the self-reference effect in memory, whether affective self-representations were modulated by the retrieval conditions and the severity of social anxiety. Three groups (high socially anxious, low socially anxious and non-anxious) were compared on a self-referential task that involved encoding affective trait adjectives under three conditions: self-reference encoding, encoding with reference to the perception of self by others, and other-reference encoding. Memory for trait adjectives was tested on both a free recall task and a Remember/Know/Guess recognition task.

The positivity bias in aging: Motivation or degradation?

The question of an emotional memory enhancement in aging, and of a positivity bias in particular, has been the subject of numerous empirical studies in the last decade. However, the roots of such positive preference are not yet well established. Partisans of a motivation-based perspective contend with those arguing that positivity is related to a cognitive or neural degradation.

Episodic memory and self-reference via semantic autobiographical memory: insights from an fMRI study in younger and older adults.

Self-referential processing relies mainly on the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) and enhances memory encoding (i.e., Self-Reference Effect, SRE) as it improves the accuracy and richness of remembering in both young and older adults.

Variable motor imagery training induces sleep memory consolidation and transfer improvements.

Motor-skill practice in repetitive or variable orders leads to better within-day acquisition and facilitates retention and transfer, respectively. This practice pattern effect has been robustly found for physical practice, but little is known about its effect after motor imagery (MI) practice. In the present study, we investigated the effect of constant or variable MI practice, and the consolidation following a day-time or a sleep interval.

The emotional memory effect in Alzheimer's disease: emotional words enhance recollective experience similarly in patients and control participants.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate emotional memory enhancement (EME) in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In particular, we were interested in exploring which memory process (i.e.

Age-related changes in the functional network underlying specific and general autobiographical memory retrieval: a pivotal role for the anterior cingulate cortex.

Age-related changes in autobiographical memory (AM) recall are characterized by a decline in episodic details, while semantic aspects are spared. This deleterious effect is supposed to be mediated by an inefficient recruitment of executive processes during AM retrieval. To date, contrasting evidence has been reported on the neural underpinning of this decline, and none of the previous studies has directly compared the episodic and semantic aspects of AM in elderly.

Cognitive and neuroimaging evidence of impaired interaction between self and memory in Alzheimer's disease.

In human cognition, self and memory processes strongly interact, as evidenced by the memory advantage for self-referential materials [Self-Reference Effect (SRE) and Self-Reference Recollection Effect (SRRE)]. The current study examined this interaction at the behavioural level and its neural correlates in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Healthy older controls (HC) and AD patients performed trait-adjectives judgements either for self-relevance or for other-relevance (encoding phase).

[Relationship between memory disorders and self-consciousness in Alzheimer's disease].

Episodic memory deficits are almost always the first cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). AD is also characterized by a loss of self-awareness. The aim of this article is to give an interpretation of AD patients' episodic impairments through the study of the relationship between memory and the self.

Don't be Too Strict with Yourself! Rigid Negative Self-Representation in Healthy Subjects Mimics the Neurocognitive Profile of Depression for Autobiographical Memory.

Autobiographical memory (AM) comprises representation of both specific (episodic) and generic (semantic) personal information. Depression is characterized by a shift from episodic to semantic AM retrieval. According to theoretical models, this process ("overgeneralization"), would be linked to reduced executive resources.

Self-referential processing in Alzheimer's disease: two different ways of processing self-knowledge?

Two previous studies showed that self-reference encoding had no effect on Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients' recollective experience when it was compared to other-reference encoding, whereas it did have an effect when it was compared to semantic processing, but only for emotional trait adjectives. In the present study, the performance of 22 AD patients was compared with that of 21 normal controls on a task involving recognition of emotional versus neutral adjective traits following self-reference versus other-reference encoding, using the remember/know/guess paradigm. Results showed that although AD patients had a positive explicit view of themselves, their self became salient for negative adjective traits only.

Functional independence within the self-memory system: new insights from two cases of developmental amnesia.

Neuropsychological and neuroimaging data suggest that the self-memory system can be fractionated into three functionally independent systems processing personal information at several levels of abstraction, including episodic memories of one's life (episodic autobiographical memory, EAM), semantic knowledge of facts about one's life (semantic autobiographical memory, SAM), and semantic knowledge of one's personality [conceptual self, (CS)]. Through the study of two developmental amnesic patients suffering of neonatal brain injuries, we explored how the different facets of the self-memory system develop when growing up with bilateral hippocampal atrophy. Neuropsychological evaluations showed that both of them suffered from dramatic episodic learning disability with no sense of recollection (Remember/Know procedure), whereas their semantic abilities differed, being completely preserved (Valentine) or not (Jocelyn).

Self-reference effect and autonoetic consciousness in Alzheimer disease: evidence for a persistent affective self in dementia patients.

Episodic memory deficits are predominately the first cognitive impairment in Alzheimer disease (AD). Previous studies have demonstrated that these deficits are specifically linked to autonoetic consciousness impairment, whereas noetic consciousness remains preserved in AD. This study focused on the self-reference effect and examined emotional valence, as it has been shown that emotional content can enhance memory in AD.