The incidence of transfusion-related acute lung injury using active surveillance: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) is a leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. A concern with passive surveillance to detect transfusion reactions is underreporting. Our aim was to obtain evidence-based estimates of TRALI incidence using meta-analysis of active surveillance studies and to compare these estimates with passive surveillance.

Meta-analysis of bacterial growth characteristics in platelet components: Refining the inputs of a simulation analysis comparing the relative safety of testing strategies.

Background: The relative safety of bacterial risk control strategies for platelets that include culture with or without rapid testing has been compared using simulation analysis. A wide range of bacterial lag and doubling times were included. However, published data on growth rates are available and these data have not been synthesized.

Graduate Medical Education in Pathology: A Scoping Review.

Context.—: Pathologists have produced a substantial body of literature on graduate medical education (GME). However, this body of literature is diverse and has not yet been characterized.

The epidemiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury: A scoping review and analysis.

Background: The purpose of this scoping review was to identify available sources of evidence on the epidemiology of transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI) and whether meta-analysis on the incidence of TRALI is feasible. TRALI is a serious complication and the second leading cause of death related to blood transfusion. Estimates of the incidence of TRALI would provide a useful benchmark for research to reduce TRALI.

Bacterial culture time to detection in platelet components: An evidence synthesis and estimation of detection failures.

Background: Non-pathogen reduction platelet bacterial risk control strategies in the US FDA guidance include at least one culture. Almost all of these strategies have a culture hold time of ≥12 h. Studies have reported time to detection (TTD) of bacterial cultures inoculated with bacteria from contaminated platelets, but these data and estimates of risk associated with detection failures have not been synthesized.

The Emergence of the Genus as Important Opportunistic Pathogens.

spp. are non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli. They were first discovered in 1894, and since then, twenty-four species have been characterized.

The effect of community water fluoridation on dental caries in children and young people in England: an ecological study.

Background: The protective effect of community water fluoridation (CWF) against dental caries may be modified by secular changes in health behaviour. We aimed to determine the contemporary association between fluoride in public water supplies (PWS) and dental caries indicators and inequalities in England.

Methods: We estimated exposure to CWF and PWS fluoride concentrations from national monitoring data, using Geographic Information Systems and water supply boundaries, categorizing mean period exposure into <0.

Performance of MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA immunoassays for the stratification of specific ANCA-associated vasculitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To determine the impact of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) antigen-specific immunoassays in the stratification of patients at-risk for anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) at diagnosis.

Methods: A Medline search was conducted to identify diagnostic accuracy studies using PR3-ANCA or MPO-ANCA for the evaluation of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA), and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA). Studies estimates were pooled using the bivariate method.

Supporting dentists' health and wellbeing - workforce assets under stress: a qualitative study in England.

Background Multiple determinants influence dentists' health and wellbeing. In light of recent concerns, the aim of this research was to explore contemporary influences on dentists' health and wellbeing in England, drawing on their lived experience.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of dentists working in England, taking into account age, gender, career stage, work sector, geographical area, position and route of entry to registration.

Supporting dentists' health and wellbeing - a qualitative study of coping strategies in 'normal times'.

Background Research has highlighted multiple determinants of dentists' health and wellbeing, and has raised concerns over workforce morale and retention. Limited research has been undertaken on possible solutions. Thus, the aim was to explore the coping strategies used or advocated by dentists to protect and support their health and wellbeing.

Platelet Component False Positive Detection Rate in Aerobic and Anaerobic Primary Culture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Septic reactions from platelet transfusions are one of the leading causes of transfusion-associated mortality. The FDA guidance for platelet bacterial risk control includes bacterial culture using both aerobic and anaerobic bottles. Several studies have reported false positive rates (FPR) of culture, but these data have not been summarized or influencing factors analyzed.

Student-Scientist Curriculum: Integrating Inquiry-Based Research Experiences and Professional Development Activities into an Introductory Biology Laboratory Course.

We designed a 16-week scaffolded student-scientist curriculum using inquiry-based research experiences integrated with professional development activities. This curriculum was implemented to teach undergraduate students enrolled in an introduction to biology course about enzyme activity, biochemical reactions, and alcohol fermentation. While working through the curriculum, students completed the entire scientific process by planning experiments, maintaining laboratory journals, analyzing and interpreting data, peer-reviewing research proposals, and producing and presenting a poster.

National patterns in paediatric hospital admissions for dental extractions in England.

Objectives: Paediatric hospital admissions for dental extractions remain a cause for concern, despite decreasing levels of dental diseases in some areas of the country. While local investigations have taken place, little is known about national patterns, and how the relationship between the number of hospital admissions and key independent variables differs across England. The aim of this study was to examine spatial differences in the number of paediatric hospital admissions for extractions in relation to four key independent variables: dental caries, deprivation, units of dental activity and child access to dentists.

Area-level deprivation and oral cancer in England 2012-2016.

Background: The relationship between deprivation and oral cancer is complex. We examined magnitude and shape of deprivation-related inequalities in oral cancer in England 2012-2016.

Methods: Oral cancer was indicated by cancers of the lip and oral cavity (ICD10 C00-C06) and lip, oral cavity and pharynx (C00-C14) and deprivation by the Index of Multiple Deprivation.

The incremental benefit of anaerobic culture for controlling bacterial risk in platelets: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objectives: Septic transfusion reactions are a principal cause of transfusion-related mortality. The frequency of detectable bacterial contamination is greater in platelets compared to other blood components because platelets are stored at room temperature. Most strategies outlined in the September 2019 FDA guidance require both aerobic culture (AC) and anaerobic culture (AnC) testing.

Residual bacterial detection rates after primary culture as determined by secondary culture and rapid testing in platelet components: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Primary culture alone was a bacterial risk control strategy intended to facilitate interdiction of contaminated platelets (PLTs). A September 2019 FDA guidance includes secondary testing options to enhance safety. Our objective was to use meta-analysis to determine residual contamination risk after primary culture using secondary culture and rapid testing.

(1→3)-β-D-glucan testing for the detection of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised or critically ill people.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are life-threatening opportunistic infections that occur in immunocompromised or critically ill people. Early detection and treatment of IFIs is essential to reduce morbidity and mortality in these populations. (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BDG) is a component of the fungal cell wall that can be detected in the serum of infected individuals.

Are calprotectin and lactoferrin equivalent screening tests for inflammatory bowel disease?

Background: Lactoferrin and calprotectin are frequently ordered stool tests used to screen patients for inflammatory bowel disease versus functional bowel disease. Current guidelines recommend using either one to screen for inflammation in the GI tract; however, little information is available on how these 2 assays compare and their use in different clinical specialties.

Methods: We compared order patterns for lactoferrin and calprotectin using data from a large reference laboratory over a 10-y period (2009-2019).

A rapid review of variation in the use of dental general anaesthetics in children.

Introduction The use of dental general anaesthetics (DGAs) remains a cause for concern due to additional strains placed on health services. There are numerous factors influencing the prevalence and use of DGAs, and understanding these is an important first step in addressing the issue.Aim Conduct a rapid review of current peer-reviewed and grey literature on the variation in the use of DGAs in children.

21-gene recurrence score testing utilization among older women from different races: A population-based study.

Objectives: The influence of older age at diagnosis in combination with race/ethnicity on utilization and results of the 21-gene recurrence score (RS) assay for breast cancer (BC) patients is not fully understood. Our objectives were to evaluate the utilization of RS among older women with BC, the likelihood of a high-risk RS, and factors associated with breast cancer-specific mortality (BCSM) among older patients across different races.

Materials And Methods: We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and Results (SEER) database with linked RS results to evaluate women with estrogen receptor-positive BC diagnosed 2004-2015.

The comparative safety of bacterial risk control strategies for platelet components: a simulation study.

Background: Bacterial contamination of platelets is a problem that can lead to harmful septic transfusion reactions. The US Food and Drug Administration published a guidance in September 2019 detailing several permissible risk control strategies. Our objective was to compare the safety of each bacterial testing strategy for apheresis platelets.

A rapid review of barriers to oral healthcare for people with protected characteristics.

Introduction The Equality Act 2010 sets out nine protected characteristics and serves to protect every individual against discrimination. The Act places emphasis on the need to reduce inequalities. An understanding, therefore, of existing barriers to oral healthcare for people with protected characteristics is required to inform policy and the commissioning of services.

Spirometric Abnormalities and Lung Function Decline in Current and Former Microwave Popcorn and Current Flavoring Manufacturing Workers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare spirometry results in microwave popcorn and flavoring manufacturing workers.

Methods: We used NIOSH data on current and former microwave popcorn workers (MPWs) and surveillance data on flavoring manufacturing workers (FMWs).

Results: Former MPW had higher prevalence of mixed and high severity abnormalities, some had excessive lung function drops.

Bacterial contamination rate of platelet components by primary culture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Platelets have the highest bacterial contamination risk of all blood components, and septic transfusion reactions remain a problem. A good estimate of contamination rates could provide information about residual risk and inform optimal testing strategies. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of platelet contamination rates by primary culture.

Bad Tests Die Slowly: The Myelin Basic Protein Example.

Background: Our national reference laboratory sought to improve stewardship for multiple sclerosis (MS) testing, which included orders for myelin basic protein (MBP) and oligoclonal bands (OCB). From 2011 to 2012, we performed 2 interventions for MS testing: one gentle-strength intervention of a publication designed to educate others about the lack of utility for MBP results and a second medium-strength intervention that included removal of MBP from the panel of MS tests. The ordering trends and practice variation were examined for OCB and MBP to retrospectively observe the effect of the interventions.