The impact of extract on pharmacokinetics of phenytoin in rats.

Epilepsy patients are at a higher risk of developing overweight and obesity. Given the thermogenic properties of (Guarana), this study aimed to evaluate a potential pharmacokinetic interaction between extract and phenytoin in rats. Two pharmacokinetic studies were developed with and phenytoin: a coadministration and a pre-treatment study.

Mass Mortality of Sea Lions Caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus.

We report a massive mortality of 5,224 sea lions (Otaria flavescens) in Peru that seemed to be associated with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. The transmission pathway may have been through the close contact of sea lions with infected wild birds. We recommend evaluating potential virus transmission among sea lions.

Determinants of food preparation and hygiene practices among caregivers of children under two in Western Kenya: a formative research study.

Introduction: Diarrhea is a leading cause of child morbidity and mortality worldwide and is linked to early childhood stunting. Food contamination from improper preparation and hygiene practices is an important transmission pathway for exposure to enteric pathogens. Understanding the barriers and facilitators to hygienic food preparation can inform interventions to improve food hygiene.

Application of the Capabilities, Opportunities, Motivations, and Behavior (COM-B) Change Model to Formative Research for Child Nutrition in Western Kenya.

Background: Interventions aimed at improving dietary intake and feeding practices have alone proven insufficient for combatting stunting resulting from poor nutrition and repeated infections.

Objectives: To support the development of an integrated water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and nutrition, social, and behavior change strategy aimed at reducing stunting, formative research was conducted in 2 program sites in western Kenya.

Methods: Twenty-nine key informant interviews were conducted with community leaders, health workers, and project staff, and 24 focus group discussions with caregivers of children under 2 y on topics related to feeding, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors.

Honduras: two hurricanes, COVID-19, dengue and the need for a new digital health surveillance system.

A recently published article of this journal stated that informatics solutions can guide better public health decision-making during the COVID 19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) pandemic. Honduras is a country facing the COVID-19 pandemic with a weak health surveillance system while also fighting a dengue epidemic and the aftermath of two hurricanes that struck its territory in November 2020. In response, we as academics started a COVID-19 and Dengue Observatory combining several technological platforms and developing multidisciplinary research to help the country navigate the crisis.

Preoperative localisation techniques in breast conservative surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The preoperative localisation of non-palpable lesions guided by breast imaging is an important and required procedure for breast-conserving surgery. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on the comparative impact of different techniques for guided surgical excision of non-palpable breast lesions from reports of clinical or patient-reported outcomes and costs. A literature search of PubMed, ISI, SCOPUS and Cochrane databases was conducted for relevant publications and their references, along with public documents, national and international guidelines, conference proceedings and presentations.

Practices and Perspectives on Latrine Use, Child Feces Disposal, and Clean Play Environments in Western Kenya.

Exposure to fecal pathogens contributes to childhood diarrhea and stunting, causing harmful short- and long-term impacts to health. Understanding pathways of child fecal exposure and nutritional deficiencies is critical to informing interventions to reduce stunting. Our aim was to explore determinants of latrine use, disposal of child feces, and perceptions and provisions of a safe and clean child play environment among families with children under two (CU2) years to inform the design of a behavior change intervention to address water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), and nutrition behaviors.

Short-term effects of Garcinia cambogia extract on the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine given as a single-dose in Wistar rats.

Garcinia cambogia supplements are widely used for weight loss. Knowing that epilepsy patients are at greater risk of developing overweight/obesity, the investigation of herb-drug interactions involving antiepileptic drugs of narrow therapeutic index is fully justified. This work was planned to assess potential pharmacokinetic-based interactions between G.

Safety evidence on the administration of L. (bladderwrack) extract and lamotrigine: data from pharmacokinetic studies in the rat.

is often incorporated in weight loss dietary supplements to improve weight loss in overweight adults. Obesity is a common condition in epilepsy patients and is indeed increasing in refractory epilepsy and in patients under polytherapy. Since lamotrigine (LTG) is a first-line antiepileptic drug, used in monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, the main objective of this work was to investigate the potential pharmacokinetic-based interactions between and LTG in rats.

Evaluation of the effects of Citrus aurantium (bitter orange) extract on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics: Insights from in vivo studies in rats.

Citrus aurantium extracts have thermogenic and lipolytic activities and are largely used for weight loss/management. Once epilepsy and obesity are prevalent comorbid conditions and herb-drug interactions can compromise antiepileptic drugs safety, we aimed to evaluate the effects of C. aurantium extract on the pharmacokinetics of lamotrigine (LTG) in rats.

Effects of Paullinia cupana extract on lamotrigine pharmacokinetics in rats: A herb-drug interaction on the gastrointestinal tract with potential clinical impact.

Paullinia cupana-containing preparations are being consumed worldwide for weight reduction. As obesity and epilepsy are common comorbidities and lamotrigine (LTG) is a broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug, it is likely to find epilepsy patients taking P. cupana and LTG simultaneously.

An easy-to-use liquid chromatography assay for the analysis of lamotrigine in rat plasma and brain samples using microextraction by packed sorbent: Application to a pharmacokinetic study.

A simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) using microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) during the sample preparation step was developed and validated to quantify lamotrigine (LTG) in rat plasma and brain samples. MEPS variables such as pH, number of draw-eject cycles, and washing and desorption conditions were optimized. The chromatographic resolution of LTG and chloramphenicol, used as internal standard (IS), was accomplished in less than 5min on a C18 column, at 35°C, using an isocratic elution with acetonitrile (13%), methanol (13%) and water-triethylamine (99.

Development and assessment of an e-learning course on breast imaging for radiographers: a stratified randomized controlled trial.

Background: Mammography is considered the best imaging technique for breast cancer screening, and the radiographer plays an important role in its performance. Therefore, continuing education is critical to improving the performance of these professionals and thus providing better health care services.

Objective: Our goal was to develop an e-learning course on breast imaging for radiographers, assessing its efficacy, effectiveness, and user satisfaction.

Inter-speaker speech variability assessment using statistical deformable models from 3.0 tesla magnetic resonance images.

The morphological and dynamic characterisation of the vocal tract during speech production has been gaining greater attention due to the motivation of the latest improvements in magnetic resonance (MR) imaging; namely, with the use of higher magnetic fields, such as 3.0 Tesla. In this work, the automatic study of the vocal tract from 3.

Towards the automatic study of the vocal tract from magnetic resonance images.

Over the last few decades, researchers have been investigating the mechanisms involved in speech production. Image analysis can be a valuable aid in the understanding of the morphology of the vocal tract. The application of magnetic resonance imaging to study these mechanisms has been proven to be reliable and safe.

Toward dynamic magnetic resonance imaging of the vocal tract during speech production.

Objectives/hypothesis: The most recent and significant magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) improvements allow for the visualization of the vocal tract during speech production, which has been revealed to be a powerful tool in dynamic speech research. However, a synchronization technique with enhanced temporal resolution is still required.

Study Design And Methods: The study design was transversal in nature.