Galanin is a potent modulator of cytokine and chemokine expression in human macrophages.

The regulatory peptide galanin is broadly distributed in the central- and peripheral nervous systems as well as in non-neuronal tissues, where it exerts its diverse physiological functions via three G-protein-coupled receptors (GAL-R). Regulatory peptides are important mediators of the cross-communication between the nervous- and immune systems and have emerged as a focus of new therapeutics for a variety of inflammatory diseases. Studies on inflammatory animal models and immune cells revealed both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of galanin.

Influence of the regulatory peptide galanin on cytokine expression in human monocytes.

Current research into neuropeptides is bringing to light many remarkable functions of these endocrine/neurocrine/paracrine factors, such as their roles in modulating immune responses. Galanin is a neuropeptide expressed in both neural and non-neural tissues and exerts its effects through three G protein-coupled receptors, GAL -R. It has been demonstrated that galanin has modulatory effects on immune cells, including neutrophils and natural killer cells.

The neuropeptide galanin modulates natural killer cell function.

Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and combat pathogens and tumors by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines like interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and by their cytotoxic action. Galanin is a neuropeptide also expressed in peripheral tissue where it impacts several physiological functions, including inflammation. The effects of galanin are mediated via three receptors, GAL.

An alternative mini buffy coat preparation method for adult patients with extracorporeal photopheresis contraindications.

Background: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an important cell-based therapy for various diseases but is limited to patients eligible for apheresis. We developed an alternative mini buffy coat (BC) preparation method using the Spectra Optia® apheresis system and compared its efficacy of white blood cell (WBC) recovery with the standard mini BC preparation method already established for pediatric patients.

Methods: Whole blood (450 ± 45 mL) samples were collected from 30 randomly selected healthy volunteer blood donors and divided into two groups.

Contact investigation of a case of active tuberculosis.

Background: The Veterans Administration (VA), Marion, Illinois, following Public Health and Veterans Affairs guidance has an excellent tuberculosis (TB) control program with all employees included.

Methods: This VA is a low-risk facility for TB, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. A patient presented with active TB in January 2002.