Over the last 20 years, the incidence of vertical HIV transmission has decreased from 25%-42% to less than 1%. Although there are no signs of infection, the health of HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) infants is notoriously affected during the first months of life, with opportunistic infections being the most common disease. Some studies have reported effects on the vertical transfer of antibodies, but little is known about the subclass distribution of these antibodies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMesangial cells (MC) maintain the architecture and cellular communication and indirectly join in the glomerular filtration rate for the correct functioning of the glomerulus. Consequently, these cells are activated constantly in response to changes in the intraglomerular environment due to a metabolic imbalance or infection. IL-36, a member of the IL-1 family, is a cytokine that initiates and maintains inflammation in different tissues in acute and chronic pathologies, including the skin, lungs, and intestines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Insect Biochem Physiol
December 2022
The development of the parasitoid Doryctobracon crawfordi (Viereck) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) in Anastrepha obliqua (McQuart) (Diptera: Tephritidae) larvae is unviable in nature; however, if the host larva is irradiated at 160 Gy, the parasitoid develops and emerges successfully. This suggests that radiation affects the immune responses of A. obliqua larvae, while the underlying mechanisms remain to be revealed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease distinguished by an excessive proliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Immune cells, such as T lymphocytes and neutrophils, and inflammatory cytokines, such as Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 17 (IL-17), are essential for maintaining psoriatic lesions. Additionally, a hypoxic milieu present in the skin promotes the expression of transcriptional factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeutrophils play a crucial role in eliminating bacteria that invade the human body; however, cathepsin G can induce biofilm formation in a non-biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis 1457 strain, suggesting that neutrophil proteases may be involved in biofilm formation. Cathepsin G, cathepsin B, proteinase-3, and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) from neutrophils were tested on the biofilm induction in commensal (skin isolated) and clinical non-biofilm-forming S. epidermidis isolates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Staphylococcus aureus SdrG protein is glycosylated by SdgA and SdgB for protection against its degradation by the neutrophil cathepsin G. So far, there is no information about the role of Staphylococcus epidermidis SdgA or SdgB in biofilm-forming; therefore, the focus of this work was to determine the distribution and expression of the sdrG, sdgA and sdgB genes in S. epidermidis under in vitro and in vivo biofilm conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFis more abundant in the anterior nares than internal parts of the nose, but its relative abundance changes along with age; it is more abundant in adolescents than in children and adults. Various studies have shown that is the guardian of the nasal cavity because it prevents the colonization and infection of respiratory pathogens (bacteria and viruses) through the secretion of antimicrobial molecules and inhibitors of biofilm formation, occupying the space of the membrane mucosa and through the stimulation of the host's innate and adaptive immunity. There is a strong relationship between the low number of in the nasal cavity and the increased risk of serious respiratory infections.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Mentally disabled patients commonly offer little or no cooperation in dental treatments, and general anesthesia may become necessary in such cases. The present study was to identify the most relevant factors in dental treatment under general anesthesia in disabled patients based on a Major Ambulatory Surgery (MAS) model. The study analyzes anesthetic variables and type of dental procedures carried out for disabled patients compared with controls.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
December 2021
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evaginations of the cytoplasmic membrane, containing nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, enzymes, and toxins. EVs participate in various bacterial physiological processes. interacts and communicates with the host skin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn altered mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) at birth can be a marker of increased disease susceptibility later in life. Gestational exposure to acute stress, such as that derived from the earthquake experienced on 19 September 2017 in Mexico City, could be associated with changes in mtDNAcn at birth. Our study used data from the OBESO (Biochemical and Epigenetic Origins of Overweight and Obesity) perinatal cohort in Mexico City.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) newborns suffer from higher risks of opportunistic infections during the first months of life compared to HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) newborns. Alterations in thymic mass, amounts of T helper (Th) cells, T-cell receptor diversity, and activation markers have been found in HEU newborns, suggesting alterations in T cell ontogeny and differentiation. However, little is known about the ability of these cells to produce specialized Th responses from CD4 T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe transcriptional factor NF-κB is a nuclear factor involved in both physiological and pathological processes. This factor can control the transcription of more than 400 genes, including cytokines, chemokines, and their modulators, immune and non-immune receptors, proteins involved in antigen presentation and cell adhesion, acute phase and stress response proteins, regulators of apoptosis, growth factors, other transcription factors and their regulators, as well as different enzymes; all these molecules control several biological processes. NF-κB is a tightly regulated molecule that has also been related to apoptosis, cell proliferation, inflammation, and the control of innate and adaptive immune responses during onset of labor, in which it has a crucial role; thus, early activation of this factor may have an adverse effect, by inducing premature termination of pregnancy, with bad outcomes for the mother and the fetus, including product loss.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis
June 2021
The Embp protein of Staphylococcus epidermidis inhibits the hemagglutination of the H1N1 influenza virus and protects birds from a viral respiratory infection. Several species of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) are present in the respiratory cavity, particularly in nostrils. We hypothesize that non-epidermidis CoNS found in animals can have the same function as observed in S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies have shown that biofilm-forming bacteria are deficient in tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites, suggesting a relationship between these cellular processes. In this work, we compared the proteomes of planktonic vs biofilm cells from a clinical strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis using LC-MS/MS. A total of 168 proteins were identified from both growth conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIL-36 cytokines (the agonists IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, and the antagonist IL-36Ra) are expressed in the mouse uterus and associated with maternal immune response during pregnancy. Here, we characterize the expression of IL-36 members in human primary trophoblast cells (PTC) and trophoblastic cell lines (HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3) and upon treatment with bacterial and viral components. Effects of recombinant IL-36 on the migration capacity of trophoblastic cells, their ability to interact with endothelial cells and the induction of angiogenic factors and miRNAs (angiomiRNAs) were examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDuring pregnancy, NF-κB plays an important role for embryo implantation and the onset of labor. Regulated IL-6 production, under transcriptional control of NF-κB, is essential for a successful pregnancy outcome and the atypical regulator IκBNS is involved in this process. Previously, we showed that IκBNS negatively regulates IL-6 in uterine tissues during mouse estrous cycle.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Med Rep
July 2020
During the progression of psoriatic lesions, abundant cellular infiltration of myeloid cells, such as macrophages and activated dendritic cells, occurs in the skin and the infiltrating cells interact with naive lymphoid cells to generate a T helper (Th)1 and Th17 environment. Therapies to treat psoriasis include phototherapy, non‑steroidal and steroidal drugs, as well as antibodies to block tumor necrosis factor‑α, interleukin (IL)‑17‑A and IL‑12/IL‑23, which all focus on decreasing the proinflammatory hallmark of psoriasis. The present study obtained the heptapeptide HP3 derived from phage display technology that blocks mononuclear cell adhesion to endothelial cells and inhibits trans‑endothelial migration in vitro.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the original publication of the article, the authorship was published incorrectly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFStaphylococcus epidermidis is a coagulase-negative bacterium capable of causing recurrent relapses in prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The aim of this study was to determine if Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from patients with recurrent relapses of prosthetic joint infection (PJI) changed genotypically (pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) pattern analysis and genes involved in biofilm formation) and phenotypically (antimicrobial resistance, biofilm formation) during the different episodes. Four patients with PJI recurrent relapses were evaluated clinically and microbiologically.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCurrently, the treatment of infections by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) represents a challenge because some strains have multidrug-resistance to antimicrobial products (antibiotic and biocides) and can produce biofilms. These biofilms protect bacterial cells from both antimicrobials and the host immune response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiological studies comparing clinical and commensal Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates suggest that biofilm formation is a discriminant biomarker. A study showed that four non-biofilm-forming clinical S. epidermidis isolates could form an induced biofilm by trypsin treatment, suggesting that S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe three-component system senses and responds to cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs), which induces the expression of the operon and the genes and , modifying the surface net charge in , resulting in the repulsion of CAMPs. The system has been only studied in the 1457 strain, and there are no studies of prevalence and level of expression of in commensal and clinical isolates. From 60 isolates, those selected from commensal healthy skin (n = 20), commensal healthy conjunctive (n = 10), and clinical ocular infection (n = 30) presented the , and genes in their genomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjective: To determine the prevalence and virulence factors of coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) in prosthetic joint infections (PJI).
Method: CNS were isolated of 66 hip and knee PJI from Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación Luis Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra, México City. Antimicrobial susceptibility and biofilm formation in CNS were determined; icaADBC, aap, bap and embp genes were determined by PCR.
Infect Dis (Lond)
June 2019
Objectives: Staphylococcus epidermidis can cause prosthetic joint infections. Strategies to differentiate between healthy skin and prosthetic joint infections isolates are relatively ineffective, which makes necessary to search for new differential biomarkers. Staphylococcus epidermidis has eleven surface proteins, denoted as Ses proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe IL-36 subfamily of cytokines has been recently described as part of the IL-1 superfamily. It comprises three pro-inflammatory agonists (IL-36α, IL-36β, and IL-36γ), their receptor (IL-36R), and one antagonist (IL-36Ra). Although expressed in a variety of cells, the biological relevance of IL-36 cytokines is most evident in the communication between epithelial cells, dendritic cells, and neutrophils, which constitute the common triad responsible for the initiation, maintenance, and expansion of inflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF