Short-chain fatty acids are associated with adiposity, energy and glucose homeostasis among different metabolic phenotypes in the Nutritionists' Health Study.

Background And Aims: The gut microbiome is associated with obesity, mainly mediated by bacteria-produced short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). It is unknown how SCFA concentrations are associated with the phenotypes metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW), metabolically healthy obese/overweight (MHO), and metabolically unhealthy obese/overweight (MUO). We compared plasma and fecal SCFA concentrations among adult women categorized according to the metabolic phenotypes mentioned above and examined associations between SCFA and adiposity and components of energy and glucose homeostasis.

Parental body mass index and maternal gestational weight gain associations with offspring body composition in young women from the Nutritionists' Health Study.

Objective: Intrauterine environment can induce fetal metabolic programming that predisposes to adiposity-related chronic diseases in its lifespan. We examined the associations of parental nutritional status and gestational weight gain with offspring body composition in early adulthood.

Methods: This is cross-sectional analysis of female participants of the NutriHS who were submitted to questionnaires, clinical examinations and body composition assessed by DXA.

Cardiometabolic diseases.

Introduction: Cardiometabolic diseases are prevalent in populations and are among the leading causes of death. Objective: This sub-study of the Health, Well-being and Aging (SABE) study describes the self-reported prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) for its three waves (2000, 2006, and 2010). It also analyses the associations with selected risk factors.

Lifestyle intervention using the psychoeducational approach is associated with greater cardiometabolic benefits and retention of individuals with worse health status.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of two lifestyle intervention programs for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention - traditional or interdisciplinary psychoeducation-based intervention - in daily habits and cardiometabolic risk factors and investigate the role of the psychoeducational approach for the retention of individuals in the program.

Subjects And Methods: Between 2008 and 2010, in a public health service, 183 pre-diabetic individuals were allocated to two 18-month interventions involving diet and physical activity. Physical activity, diet, quality of life (QOL) and depression and biochemical measurements were obtained.

Impact of the Content of Fatty Acids of Oral Fat Tolerance Tests on Postprandial Triglyceridemia: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Unlabelled: Whether the content of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) could differently influence postprandial triglycerides (TG) is unknown. We examined possible differences in the postprandial TG response to fat tolerance tests (FTTs), in which SFA or unsaturated fatty acids were used. Crossover clinical trials investigating the effects of FTTs containing SFA and unsaturated fats on postprandial triglyceridemia in databases from 1994 until 2016 were searched.

Influence of depression on cardiometabolic responses to a lifestyle intervention in at-risk individuals.

Background: Cardiometabolic diseases and depression are public health problems that are often related. The benefits of behavioral interventions on lifestyle are well documented. However, the influence of depression in these interventions is unclear.

Diet quality is associated with leisure-time physical activity in individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Objectives: We investigated whether diet quality was associated with leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and television viewing and the associations of these variables with traditional cardiovascular risk factors and novel biomarkers in individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: A total of 193 prediabetic adults (63.7% women, mean age 54.

Healthy Eating Index is associated with certain markers of inflammation and insulin resistance but not with lipid profile in individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Eating habits may influence inflammatory status and insulin resistance, both involved in the genesis of cardiometabolic diseases; an index of overall diet quality may be useful to identify risk for these diseases. We investigated whether the Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2005), adapted to Brazilian habits (B-HEI), was associated with markers of inflammation, insulin resistance and lipid profile in individuals at cardiometabolic risk. Two hundred and four prediabetic individuals (64.

Association of fruits and vegetables consumption and related-vitamins with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in prediabetic individuals.

Background: Dietary guidelines of 5 servings per day of fruits and vegetables (FV) offer a reasonable amount of vitamins to control organic processes, which may contribute to a favorable cardiometabolic profile. This study aimed at investigating whether the intake of the FV group as well as pro-vitamin A carotenoids and vitamins C and E were associated with circulating markers of oxidative stress, inflammation and insulin resistance in Brazilians individuals at cardiometabolic risk.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included 205 individuals screened for diabetes prevention program in a healthcare center from the School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, conducted in 2008.

Realistic changes in monounsaturated fatty acids and soluble fibers are able to improve glucose metabolism.

Background/objectives: Cardioprotective effects of Mediterranean-style diet have been shown. Instead of excluding foods, replacement or addition may facilitate compliance with impact on glucose metabolism of individuals at cardiometabolic risk. This study investigated the effect of changing selected nutrients intake on glucose metabolism during a lifestyle intervention tailored to living conditions of prediabetic Brazilians.

Parathyroid hormone has an important role in blood pressure regulation in vitamin D-insufficient individuals.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether vitamin D status is related to blood pressure (BP) in adults.

Methods: We evaluated the relationship between vitamin D status, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and BP in 332 adults. Anthropometric measurements, BP, and a fasting blood sample was obtained.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly Japanese-Brazilians.

Background: Prevalence of individuals with a high cardiovascular risk is elevated in elderly populations. Although metabolic syndrome (MS) increases cardiovascular risk, information is scarce on the prevalence of MS in the elderly. In this study we assessed MS prevalence in a population of elderly Japanese-Brazilians using different MS definitions according to waist circumference cutoff values.

A revised version of the Healthy Eating Index for the Brazilian population.

The revised version of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index is an indicator of dietary quality developed according to current nutritional recommendations. Dietary data were obtained from a population-based survey, the 2003 Inquérito de Saúde e Alimentação (ISA - Health and Diet Survey)-Capital. The Revised Index consists of 12 components: nine food groups included in the 2006 Brazilian Dietary Guidelines, in which daily portions are expressed in terms of energy density; two nutrients (sodium and saturated fats), and SoFAAS (calories from solid fat, alcohol and added sugar).

[Impact of a lifestyle intervention program on metabolic, anthropometrical and dietary profile of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome].

Objective: We evaluated the changes in biochemical and nutritional profiles of Japanese-Brazilians with and without metabolic syndrome after two years of participation in the intervention program.

Materials And Methods: It was a non-controlled experimental study. The biochemical and clinical assessments were conducted at baseline (2005), after a year (2006) and after two years (2007) of intervention.

Hyperuricemia and associated factors: a cross-sectional study of Japanese-Brazilians.

This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hyperuricemia and associated risk factors among Japanese-Brazilians. We obtained data on demographic, health history, food intake, and laboratory variables. Chi-square and prevalence ratios were used as measures of association.

Assessing food dietary intakes in Japanese-Brazilians using factor analysis.

We describe the use of factor analysis for assessing food habits in Japanese-Brazilians. Dietary data from 1,283 participants of a cross-sectional study were used. Besides statistical criteria, we also used the conceptual meaning of identified profiles to obtain scores for dietary patterns (Japanese or Western profile).

[Predictors of goal achievement in an intervention program among Japanese-Brazilians].

The aim of this study was to identify baseline factors associated with achieving goals after a 12-month lifestyle intervention program in a Japanese-Brazilian population, using adjusted logistic regression models. In 2005, 321 participants were overweight. The odds [OR (IC95%)] of reaching the goals after 12 months of intervention were directly related to female gender [2.

Improved endothelial function with simvastatin but unchanged insulin sensitivity with simvastatin or ezetimibe.

In addition to their expected effects on lipid profile, lipid-lowering agents may reduce cardiovascular events because of effects on nonclassic risk factors such as insulin resistance and inflammation. Ezetimibe specifically blocks the absorption of dietary and biliary cholesterol as well as plant sterols. Although it is known that an additional reduction of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels can be induced by the combination of ezetimibe with statins, it is not known if this can enhance some pleiotropic effects, which may be useful in slowing the atherosclerotic process.

Frequency of arterial hypertension and associated factors: Brazil, 2006.

Objective: To analyze the frequency of self-reported systemic arterial hypertension and associated factors.

Methods: Study based on data provided by the system of Vigilância de Fatores de Risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico (VIGITEL--Telephone-based surveillance of risk and protective factors for chronic diseases), collected in 2006 in Brazil's capitals and Federal District. The frequency of systemic arterial hypertension was estimated in 54,369 adults, stratified by sex, geographic region, sociodemographic and behavioral variables and self-reported morbidities.

Revisiting clinical trials on glycemic control and cardiovascular risk.

The most relevant clinical trials, assessing the role of glycemic control in reducing cardiovascular risk, are examined. The UKPDS was the first to address this issue. More recent trials (ACCORD, ADVANCE and VADT) are controversial and evidences did not support that strict glycemic control (reflected by normal glycated hemoglobin) exclusively is sufficient to reduce cardiovascular risk in complicated individuals with long-term type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Dietary glycemic load, glycemic index, and refined grains intake are associated with reduced beta-cell function in prediabetic Japanese migrants.

Objective: To investigate the association between carbohydrate intakes and beta-cell function (HOMA-beta) in Japanese-Brazilians with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).

Methods: Dietary intakes were assessed by a validated food frequency questionnaire in a cross-sectional survey carried out in 2000. The associations between diet and HOMA-beta were verified in 270 newly diagnosed IGT in multiple linear regression models.

Factors associated with stages of change for red meat and vegetable intake by Japanese-Brazilians.

Stages of change assess individual motivation for lifestyle changes, contributing to the development of more effective intervention strategies. The objective of the present study was to identify factors associated with stages of change for lower intake of red meat and higher intake of vegetables in a cross-sectional analysis of 578 Japanese-Brazilians aged 30-90 years. In adjusted logistic regression models, the odds ratios for women (OR = 1.

[Estimated sodium intake by the Brazilian population, 2002-2003].

Objective: To estimate the magnitude and distribution of sodium intake in Brazil and to identify major dietary sources contributing to this intake.

Methods: Estimates were based on data from a Brazilian household budget survey carried between July 2002 and June 2003. A total of 969,989 food purchase records from a probabilistic sample of 48,470 households located in 3,984 census tracts across the country were analyzed.

Fat and fiber consumption are associated with peripheral arterial disease in a cross-sectional study of a Japanese-Brazilian population.

Background: The Western diet plays a role for the epidemics of obesity and related diseases. This study examined a possible association between peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and the dietary components of Japanese immigrants living in Brazil.

Methods And Results: In this cross-sectional study, 1,267 subjects (aged > or =30 years) with complete dietary, clinical and laboratory data were studied according to a standardized protocol.