Are indigenous territories effective natural climate solutions? A neotropical analysis using matching methods and geographic discontinuity designs.

Indigenous Territories (ITs) with less centralized forest governance than Protected Areas (PAs) may represent cost-effective natural climate solutions to meet the Paris agreement. However, the literature has been limited to examining the effect of ITs on deforestation, despite the influence of anthropogenic degradation. Thus, little is known about the temporal and spatial effect of allocating ITs on carbon stocks dynamics that account for losses from deforestation and degradation.

The role of forest conversion, degradation, and disturbance in the carbon dynamics of Amazon indigenous territories and protected areas.

Maintaining the abundance of carbon stored aboveground in Amazon forests is central to any comprehensive climate stabilization strategy. Growing evidence points to indigenous peoples and local communities (IPLCs) as buffers against large-scale carbon emissions across a nine-nation network of indigenous territories (ITs) and protected natural areas (PNAs). Previous studies have demonstrated a link between indigenous land management and avoided deforestation, yet few have accounted for forest degradation and natural disturbances-processes that occur without forest clearing but are increasingly important drivers of biomass loss.

Measures stated by parents and caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers to prevent environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

Introduction: The exposure to environmental tobacco smoke is a public health problem because of its potential risks for children. Objective. To determine the preventive actions taken by parents and/or caregivers of infants, toddlers, and preschoolers regarding environmental tobacco smoke exposure.

Characterization of a novel modification of a CHO-produced mAb: Evidence for the presence of tyrosine sulfation.

Herein we describe the investigation of a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-expressed human mAb molecule found partially modified by a +80 Da adduct. This mass difference, suggestive of a single sulfation or phosphorylation addition, was observed by mass analysis of the intact and reduced molecule by mass spectrometry (MS). The modification was located on tyrosine 31 (Y31) of the light chain in the complementarity-determining region 1 by liquid chromatography (LC)-MS peptide mapping and electron transfer dissociation fragmentation.

ESR1 gene promoter region methylation in free circulating DNA and its correlation with estrogen receptor protein expression in tumor tissue in breast cancer patients.

Background: Tumor expression of estrogen receptor (ER) is an important marker of prognosis, and is predictive of response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer. Several studies have observed that epigenetic events, such methylation of cytosines and deacetylation of histones, are involved in the complex mechanisms that regulate promoter transcription. However, the exact interplay of these factors in transcription activity is not well understood.

Protection provided by a herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) glycoprotein C and D subunit antigen vaccine against genital HSV-2 infection in HSV-1-seropositive guinea pigs.

A prophylactic vaccine for genital herpes disease remains an elusive goal. We report the results of two studies performed collaboratively in different laboratories that assessed immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy in herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)-seropositive guinea pigs immunized and subsequently challenged intravaginally with HSV-2. In study 1, HSV-2 glycoproteins C (gC2) and D (gD2) were produced in baculovirus and administered intramuscularly as monovalent or bivalent vaccines with CpG and alum.

Binding of DC-SIGN to glycoproteins expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris.

Previous studies have shown that glycoproteins expressed in wild-type Pichia pastoris bind to Dendritic cell-SIGN (DC-Specific Intercellular adhesion molecule-3 Grabbing Nonintegrin), a mannose-binding receptor found on dendritic cells in peripheral tissues which is involved in antigen presentation and the initiation of an immune response. However, the binding of DC-SIGN to glycoproteins purified from P. pastoris strains engineered to express humanized N- and O-linked glycans has not been tested to date.

Design-for-Six-Sigma To Develop a Bioprocess Knowledge Management Framework.

Unlabelled: Owing to the high costs associated with biopharmaceutical development, considerable pressure has developed for the biopharmaceutical industry to increase productivity by becoming more lean and flexible. The ability to reuse knowledge was identified as one key advantage to streamline productivity, efficiently use resources, and ultimately perform better than the competition. A knowledge management (KM) strategy was assembled for bioprocess-related information using the technique of Design-for-Six-Sigma (DFSS).

High-throughput screening and selection of yeast cell lines expressing monoclonal antibodies.

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has recently been engineered to express therapeutic glycoproteins with uniform human N-glycans at high titers. In contrast to the current art where producing therapeutic proteins in mammalian cell lines yields a final product with heterogeneous N-glycans, proteins expressed in glycoengineered P. pastoris can be designed to carry a specific, preselected glycoform.

[Pediculosis prevalence and associated risk factors in a nursery school, Bogotá, Colombia].

Introduction: Pediculosis is one of the most important chronic infestations in schoolchildren worldwide. Infestations show a high prevalence among the poorest children in developing countries, and it is associated with substandard hygienic practices.

Objective: The prevalence was estimated and seasonality described of a Pediculus infestation of seven months duration in a nursery school.

Recombinant human lactoferrin expressed in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris: effect of terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid on in vitro secondary humoral immune response.

Traditional production of therapeutic glycoproteins relies on mammalian cell culture technology. Glycoproteins produced by mammalian cells invariably display N-glycan heterogeneity resulting in a mixture of glycoforms the composition of which varies from production batch to production batch. However, extent and type of N-glycosylation has a profound impact on the therapeutic properties of many commercially relevant therapeutic proteins making control of N-glycosylation an emerging field of high importance.

Rapid screening of chromatography resins for the purification of proteins.

With an ever increasing number of proteins being expressed in the Pichia system, there is a growing need to rapidly develop scalable and robust purification schemes. This chapter describes a high-throughput method to screen for the optimal chromatography conditions and resin to capture and release a protein secreted by Pichia pastoris. The method involves a chromatography matrix involving four resins (Q-Sepharose, DEAE-Sepharose, SP-Sepharose, and CMSepharose), 4 pHs from 5.

Humanization of yeast to produce complex terminally sialylated glycoproteins.

Yeast is a widely used recombinant protein expression system. We expanded its utility by engineering the yeast Pichia pastoris to secrete human glycoproteins with fully complex terminally sialylated N-glycans. After the knockout of four genes to eliminate yeast-specific glycosylation, we introduced 14 heterologous genes, allowing us to replicate the sequential steps of human glycosylation.

Optimization of humanized IgGs in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris.

As the fastest growing class of therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) represent a major potential drug class. Human antibodies are glycosylated in their native state and all clinically approved mAbs are produced by mammalian cell lines, which secrete mAbs with glycosylation structures that are similar, but not identical, to their human counterparts. Glycosylation of mAbs influences their interaction with immune effector cells that kill antibody-targeted cells.

Staphylococcus aureus mevalonate kinase: isolation and characterization of an enzyme of the isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway.

It has been proposed that isoprenoid biosynthesis in several gram-positive cocci depends on the mevalonate pathway for conversion of acetyl coenzyme A to isopentenyl diphosphate. Mevalonate kinase catalyzes a key reaction in this pathway. In this study the enzyme from Staphylococcus aureus was expressed in Escherichia coli, isolated in a highly purified form, and characterized.

Role of cysteine 306 in the catalytic mechanism of Ascaris suum phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.

Biochemical and metabolic data lead to the conclusion that the enzyme phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) contributes to a critical point of divergence in energy conservation pathways between mammals and nematodes. The Ascaris suum PEPCK shares considerable homology with PEPCK from avian liver and is a good candidate for mutagenesis studies. The Cys306 substitution by Ser and Ala produced active enzymes and the two mutants are kinetically indistinguishable from each other.