The influence of smoking on the pattern of disability and relapse risk in AQP4-positive Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder, MOG-Ab Disease and Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: the role of smoking on clinical outcomes of central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorders is unclear. To assess the effect of smoking on relapses and disability in neuromyelitis optica with aquaporin-4-antibodies (NMOSD-AQP4-Ab), Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein-antibodies associated disease (MOGAD) and relapsing remitting Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients.

Methods: in a UK cohort of 101 NMOSD-AQP4-Ab, 70 MOGAD and 159 MS, and a Korean cohort of 97 NMOSD-AQ4-Ab, time to first relapse, annualised relapse rate, onset relapse severity and recovery, time to Expanded Disability Status Score(EDSS)/secondary progressive MS (SPMS) were compared between never-smokers and ever-smokers.

Factors associated with fatigue in CNS inflammatory diseases with AQP4 and MOG antibodies.

Objective: Fatigue is a common and disabling symptom amongst people with multiple sclerosis, however it has not been compared across the central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory diseases associated with aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies (Ab). We explored the factors associated with fatigue within and across the two diseases, and compared fatigue levels between them.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 90 AQP4-Ab and 44 MOG-Ab patients.