Autopsy of a failed trial part 2: Outcomes, challenges, and lessons learnt from the DAISIES trial.

Objective: The relative merits of inpatient or day-treatment for adults with anorexia nervosa (AN) are unknown. The DAISIES trial aimed to establish the non-inferiority of a stepped-care day patient treatment (DPT) approach versus inpatient treatment as usual (IP-TAU) for improving body mass index (BMI) at 12 months in adults with AN. The trial was terminated due to poor recruitment.

The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a 'stepping into day treatment' approach versus inpatient treatment as usual for anorexia nervosa in adult specialist eating disorder services (DAISIES trial): a study protocol of a randomised controlled multi-centre open-label parallel group non-inferiority trial.

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and disabling mental disorder with a high disease burden. In a proportion of cases, intensive hospital-based treatments, i.e.

The Relationship Between Technical Skills, Cognitive Workload, and Errors During Robotic Surgical Exercises.

We attempt to understand the relationship between surgeon technical skills, cognitive workload, and errors during a simulated robotic dissection task. Participant surgeons performed a robotic surgery dissection exercise. Participants were grouped based on surgical experience.

Virtual Reality Dry Laboratory Models: Comparing Automated Performance Metrics and Cognitive Workload During Robotic Simulation Training.

This study compares surgical performance during analogous vesico-urethral anastomosis (VUA) tasks in two robotic training environments, virtual reality (VR) and dry laboratory (DL), to investigate transferability of skill assessment across the two platforms. Utilizing computer-generated performance metrics and pupillary data, we evaluated the two environments to distinguish surgical expertise and ultimately whether performance in the VR simulation correlates with performance in live robotic surgery in the DL. Experts (≥300 cases) and trainees (<300 cases) performed analogous VUAs during VR and DL sessions on a da Vinci robotic console following an Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved protocol (HS-16-00318).

Using objective robotic automated performance metrics and task-evoked pupillary response to distinguish surgeon expertise.

Purpose: In this study, we investigate the ability of automated performance metrics (APMs) and task-evoked pupillary response (TEPR), as objective measures of surgeon performance, to distinguish varying levels of surgeon expertise during generic robotic surgical tasks. Additionally, we evaluate the association between APMs and TEPR.

Methods: Participants completed ten tasks on a da Vinci Xi Surgical System (Intuitive Surgical, Inc.

Attention to and Distraction from Risk Information in Prescription Drug Advertising: An Eye Tracking Study.

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) television ads must disclose a drug's most important risks. Currently, the risks must be in audio at a minimum. Studies have shown that presenting information with both audio and superimposed risk text (dual-modality) improves recall beyond that of using audio alone.

EEG and eye-tracking based measures for enhanced training.

This paper describes a project whose goal was to establish the feasibility of using unobtrusive cognitive assessment methodologies in order to optimize efficiency and expediency of training. QUASAR, EyeTracking, Inc. (ETI), and Safe Passage International (SPI), teamed to demonstrate correlation between EEG and eye-tracking based cognitive workload, performance assessment and subject expertise on X-Ray screening tasks.

Eye metrics as an objective assessment of surgical skill.

Objective: Currently, surgical skills assessment relies almost exclusively on subjective measures, which are susceptible to multiple biases. We investigate the use of eye metrics as an objective tool for assessment of surgical skill.

Summary Background Data: Eye tracking has helped elucidate relationships between eye movements, visual attention, and insight, all of which are employed during complex task performance (Kowler and Martins, Science.

Brief report: eye-movement patterns during an embedded figures test in children with ASD.

The present study examined fixation frequency and duration during an Embedded Figures Test (EFT) in an effort to better understand the attentional and perceptual processes by which individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) achieve accelerated EFT performance. In particular, we aimed to elucidate differences in the patterns of eye-movement in ASD and typically developing (TD) children, thus providing evidence relevant to the competing theories of weak central coherence (WCC) and enhanced perceptual functioning. Consistent with prior EFT studies, we found accelerated response time (RT) in children with ASD.

Identifying cognitive state from eye metrics.

Introduction: This paper describes a new approach for identifying cognitive state by using information obtained only from the eye. Data are collected from cameras mounted on a lightweight headband. A set of eye metrics captures essential eye information from the raw data of pupil size and point-of-gaze.

Harness technology for sustainable regulatory compliance.

Translate each new regulation into a process change that can be implemented and sustained economically, with reasonable effort.

Culture-fair cognitive ability assessment: information processing and psychophysiological approaches.

Valid assessment with diverse populations requires tools that are not influenced by cultural elements. This study investigated the relationships between culture, information processing efficiency, and general cognitive capacities in samples of Caucasian and Mexican American college students. Consistent with the neural efficiency hypothesis, pupillary responses (indexing mental effort) and detection accuracy scores on a visual backward-masking task were both significantly related to the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) Full Scale scores.

Pupillary responses on the visual backward masking task reflect general cognitive ability.

Cognitive processing efficiency requires both an ability to attend to task-relevant stimuli with quickness and accuracy, also while filtering distracting or task-irrelevant stimuli. This study investigated cognitive processing efficiency by using pupillary responses as an index of attentional allocation to relevant target and irrelevant masks on a visual backward masking task. The relationship between attentional allocation on this task and general cognitive ability on the scholastic aptitude test (SAT) was examined in college students (n=67).

Predictors of adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk Latino adolescents: a behavioral epidemiological analysis.

The objective was to test whether theoretical variables predict adherence to treatment for latent tuberculosis infection in high-risk Latino adolescents. 286 Latino adolescents, age 13-18 years, were recruited from 10 middle/high schools in San Diego County, San Diego, USA. Participants completed a baseline interview and up to 9 monthly interviews.