Antinociceptive Analysis of Natural Monoterpenes Eugenol, Menthol, Carvacrol and Thymol in a Zebrafish Larval Model.

In the last decade, a considerable number of studies have broadened our knowledge of the nociceptive mechanisms of pain, a global health problem in both humans and animals. The use of herbal compounds such as eugenol, menthol, thymol, and carvacrol as analgesic agents has accompanied the growing interest in this area, offering a possible solution for this complex problem. Here, we aimed to explore how these natural substances-at three different concentrations (2, 5 and 10 mg/L)-affect the pain responses in zebrafish () larvae exposed to 0.

Non-Invasive Biomarkers in Saliva and Eye Infrared Thermography to Assess the Stress Response of Calves during Transport.

Animal transport is currently a stressful procedure. Therefore, animal-based indicators are needed for reliable and non-invasive welfare assessment. Saliva is a biospecimen with potential validity for the determination of cortisol and oxidative stress, although its use to assess calf welfare during transport has never been tested.

Beneficial Effects of Broccoli ( var ) By-products in Diet-induced Obese Mice.

Background/aim: Obesity currently affects the whole world, with greater incidence in high-income countries, with vast economic and social costs. Broccoli harvest generates many by-products equally rich in bioactive compounds with potential anti-obesity effects. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-obesity effects of broccoli by-products flour (BF) in obese mice.

Enantioselective Ecotoxicity of Venlafaxine in Aquatic Organisms: Daphnia and Zebrafish.

Venlafaxine is a chiral antidepressant detected in aquatic compartments. It was recently included in the 3rd Watch List from the European Union. The present study aimed to investigate venlafaxine toxicity effects, targeting possible enantioselective effects, using two aquatic organisms, daphnia (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Neuroendocrine and Eosinophilic Granule Cells in the Gills of Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus: Effects of Waterborne Copper Exposure.

The contamination of aquatic ecosystems with copper (Cu) poses a serious threat to aquatic organisms. Although the histopathological changes caused by Cu in fish gills are well documented, knowledge about the impact of this metal in gill specific cell types, such as neuroendocrine cells (NECs) and eosinophilic granule cells (EGCs), is still limited. In the present work, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were exposed for 21 days to nominal concentrations of Cu (40 and 400 µg L(-1)).

An immunohistochemical study of gill epithelium cells in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

This study reports the first complete mapping of the gill epithelium in a tilapia species. Different gill epithelial cell types of the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus L. have been identified and located using different antisera against mammalian proteins and various histochemical techniques: Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS), Alcian Blue pH 1.

Fine structure of the branchial epithelium in the teleost Oreochromis niloticus.

We have studied the gill epithelium of Oreochromis niloticus using transmission electron microscopy with the particular interested relationship between cell morphology and osmotic, immunoregulatory, or other non-regulatory functions of the gill. Pavement cells covered the filament epithelium and lamellae of gills, with filament pavement cells showing distinct features from lamellar pavement cells. The superficial layer of the filament epithelium was formed by osmoregulatory elements, the columnar mitochondria-rich, mucous and support cells, as well as by their precursors.

Copper toxicity in gills of the teleost fish, Oreochromis niloticus: effects in apoptosis induction and cell proliferation.

Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that copper may induce apoptosis triggering the activation of caspase-3, a central effector of apoptotic cell death. However, the precise mechanism of copper-induced apoptosis is still unclear, even less so in Oreochromis niloticus where no caspase genes have been reported so far. This study aimed to assess the in vivo role of copper in apoptosis induction on O.

Histopathological gill changes in wild leaping grey mullet (Liza saliens) from the Esmoriz-Paramos coastal lagoon, Portugal.

The histopathological changes are among the most recognized responses to environmental stressors, namely heavy metals. Liza saliens were sampled, in the Portuguese Esmoriz-Paramos coastal lagoon to assess their gill histopathological response to Cu and Zn contaminated sediments. A lesion prevalence index, severity, and extension scores of each lesion, as well as an assessment value (severity x extension), were determined to evaluate the effect of environmental heavy metal exposure.