Lifestyle aspects are associated with common mental disorders in women over 40 years older in a population-based study.

Background & Aims: Common mental disorders (CMD) are more prevalent in women, as well as noncommunicable diseases. Diet and physical activity are lifestyle modifiable factors that might help on managing these conditions.

Methods: This study aimed to investigate the association between lifestyle aspects (diet and physical activity) and common mental disorders in women aged 40+ years.

High Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated with Systemic Inflammation in Older but Not in Younger Brazilian Adults.

The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MPD) has shown promise in preventing low-grade systemic inflammation (LGSI). This study tested if a high adherence to the MDP by younger and older Brazilian adults is associated with lower LGSI and investigated which Mediterranean food components may contribute to these associations. We performed a secondary study on 2015 ISA-Nutrition (290 younger adults (20-59 years old) and 293 older adults (≥60 years old)), a cross-sectional population-based study in São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Dietary Inflammatory Index of Obese Individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Descriptive Study.

The objective of the present study was to describe the dietary inflammatory profile and its correlations with sleep parameters of obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Forty individuals underwent nocturnal polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, body composition by plethysmography, assessment of food consumption by three-day food records, and blood collection for the lipid, glycemic and hormonal profile. Food consumption data were evaluated semiquantitatively, quantitalively assessment, and calculation of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) was perfomed.

Evaluation of the dietary inflammatory index in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with nutritional status and metabolic control.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) with the nutritional status and metabolic control of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that examined data of children and adolescents ages 7 to 16 y diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall, from which the DII was calculated.

Brain injury biomarkers do not predict delirium in acutely ill older patients: a prospective cohort study.

Delirium is a common, serious, and often preventable neuropsychiatric emergency mostly characterized by a disturbance in attention and awareness. Systemic insult and inflammation causing blood-brain-barrier (BBB) damage and glial and neuronal activation leading to more inflammation and cell death is the most accepted theory behind delirium's pathophysiology. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between brain injury biomarkers on admission and delirium in acutely ill older patients.

Body composition affects the accuracy of predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure in older adults: An exploratory study.

Background: To investigate the accuracy of ten different predictive equations to estimate resting energy expenditure (REE) in a sample of Brazilian older adults and develop a predictive equation for estimating REE based on body composition data.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with thirty-eight Brazilian older adults aged 60-84 years, who had their REE measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and BC assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). REE was compared to the estimation of ten predictive equations, and the differences between BC and anthropometric-based equations were investigated using Bland-Altman plots and Lin's concordance correlation.

Effect of proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogenated supplements on the skeletal muscle mass in people living with HIV (PLWH): A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Skeletal muscle losses (both quantitative and qualitative) and the consequent risk of sarcopenia are important issues in people living with HIV (PLWH), even when treated with antiretroviral therapies (ART). We aimed to conduct a systematic review (SR) investigating the effects of dietary interventions with proteins, amino acids, and other nitrogenated compounds on the skeletal muscle of PLWH.

Methods: We searched the published literature until August 24th, 2020, including clinical trials predominantly with AIDS-free PLWH treated with ART.

Covid-19 Social Distancing, Lifestyle and Health Outcomes Among Persons Living with HIV (PLWH): A Web-based Survey.

We investigated changes in lifestyle, depressive symptoms, self-perception of health, and body weight changes of persons living with HIV (PLWH) during the COVID-19 social distancing (SD). In a Web-based cross-sectional survey, participants (n = 406) were questioned about lifestyle and health status before and during SD. Most responders were men, 50 + years old, high education level; 49.

Factors related to malnutrition and their association with frailty in community-dwelling older adults registered at a geriatric clinic.

Background: We hypothesized that factors related to malnutrition, namely low muscle mass, appetite loss, and adiposity, are associated with frailty and pre-frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Aims: To identify the prevalence of frailty and pre-frailty in a Brazilian convenience sample and test the association between these conditions and malnutrition-related factors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of an ongoing community project.

The association between appetite loss, frailty, and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults adults.

Background: Appetite loss (AL) in older adults can reduce energy and nutrient intake, increasing the risk of weight loss, sarcopenia, frailty, and ultimately, mortality. The identification of associated factors to AL is important to plan different interventions.

Aims: To identify the association between appetite loss, frailty, and psychosocial factors in community-dwelling older adults.

Applicability of the GLIM criteria for the diagnosis of malnutrition in older adults in the emergency ward: A pilot validation study.

Background & Aims: Acutely ill older adults are at higher risk of malnutrition. This study aimed to explore the applicability and accuracy of the GLIM criteria to diagnose malnutrition in acutely ill older adults in the emergency ward (EW).

Methods: We performed a retrospective secondary analysis, of an ongoing cohort study, in 165 participants over 65 years of age admitted to the EW of a Brazilian university hospital.

The possible role of increased consumption of ultra-processed food products in the development of frailty: a threat for healthy ageing?

Frailty, a multifactorial ageing-related syndrome characterised by reduced resistance to stressors and possibly associated with low-grade systemic inflammation, results in negative health outcomes and compromises healthy ageing. There is a growing body of evidence on the relationship between dietary habits, low-grade systemic inflammation and the risk of frailty. Consumption of dietary ultra-processed products (UPP) could negatively contribute to these conditions.

Incorporating physical activity in the comprehensive care of people living with HIV starting antiretroviral therapy: Insights from a specialized care setting in São Paulo, Brazil.

Background: Managing HIV infection as a chronic condition includes encouraging adoption of healthy behaviors and promotion of physical activity (PA). However, people living with HIV (PLH) are often under social and programmatic vulnerability that may compromise behavior change. Understanding such barriers is crucial for successful incorporation of PA in their comprehensive care.

Association between joint diseases and common mental disorders in women at ages related to menopause: Data from the São Paulo City Health Survey, SP, Brazil.

Objectives: To investigate the association between joint diseases (JD) and common mental disorders (CMD) in women at ages related to menopause.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, population-based study (São Paulo City Health Survey, SP, Brazil). The sample was composed of 1191 women, 40 years and older.

The concept of anorexia of aging in late life depression: A cross-sectional analysis of a cohort study.

Introduction: Anorexia of aging (AA) is classically associated with depression. However, robust evidence is lacking regarding general clinic populations. Our aim was to evaluate the association between AA and major depressive disorder (MDD) in geriatric outpatients from a middle-income country.

One-month of a low-energy diet, with no additional effect of high-protein, reduces Obstructive Sleep Apnea severity and improve metabolic parameters in obese males.

Purpose: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is closely associated with obesity. Weight loss ameliorates OSA and its associated metabolic disorders. A high protein intake may improve weight loss through increased energy expenditure, and fat-free mass maintenance during weight loss.

The dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and its association with cognition, frailty, and risk of disabilities in older adults: A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Systemic inflammation is considered an important issue in older adults and is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as frailty and cognitive impairment. Diet is a critical associated factor, and the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) is proposed as a promising tool to identify the association between diet and health outcomes. Our aims were: (i) to investigate the association between the DII® and frailty, cognition, and the consequent risk of disability in older adults; (ii) to discuss particularities of the use of DII® with older adults.

PORTUGUESE VERSION OF THE SNAQ QUESTIONNAIRE: TRANSLATION AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION.

Background: Poor appetite is common through the aging process and increases the risk of weight loss, protein-energy malnutrition, immunossupression, sarcopenia and frailty. The Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ) has the aim to monitor appetite and identify older adults at risk of weight loss.

Objective: To describe the process of translation and cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese of the SNAQ.

EFFECTS OF SYNBIOTIC SUPPLEMENTATION ON GUT FUNCTIONING AND SYSTEMIC INFLAMMATION OF COMMUNITY-DWELLING ELDERS - SECONDARY ANALYSES FROM A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL.

Background: Aging is a complex process marked by alterations on gut functioning and physiology, accompanied by an increase on the inflammatory status, leading to a scenario called "inflammaging".

Objective: To evaluate the effects of a synbiotic substance on systemic inflammation, gut functioning of community-dwelling elders.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis from a randomized clinical trial, lasting 24 weeks, including 49 elders, distributed into two groups: SYN (n=25), which received a synbiotic substance (Frutooligossacaride 6g, Lactobacillus paracasei LPC-31 109 to 108 UFC, Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001 109 to 108 UFC, Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM 109 to 108 UFC e Bifidobacterium lactis HN019 109 to 108 UFC), or PLA (n=24), receiving placebo.

Association between the adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern and common mental disorders among community-dwelling elders: 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

Background: Some questions regarding the benefits of the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern (MDP) are still unanswered, especially in non-Mediterranean areas. As such, this study intends to evaluate the association between the adherence to the MDP with the presence of Common Mental Disorders (CMD) in Brazilian older adults, adopting two different concepts of MDP.

Methods: The sample included 545 elders from 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo City (cross-sectional population-based study).

Low Appendicular Lean Mass Index and Associations with Metabolic and Demographic Parameters in Wheelchair Athletes with Spinal Cord Injury.

Background: People suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI) undergo metabolic and physical disturbances that target the skeletal muscle, causing a progressive loss of muscle mass.

Objective: To estimate the appendicular lean mass index (ALMI) in athletes with traumatic (T-group) and non-traumatic (NT-group) SCI, and its association with metabolic and demographic parameters.

Methods: Wheelchair athletes with SCI aged 18 to 52 years old were included (n = 62).

Relationship of evening meal with sleep quality in obese individuals with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: To determine the relationship between habitual food intake, resting energy expenditure and sleep pattern in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.

Methods: Forty-five OSA obese males were included in the study. All participants were submitted to nocturnal polysomnography, body composition measurements by plethysmography, resting energy expenditure (REE) analysis by indirect calorimetry and they filled in a 3-day food record.

Nutrition and Alzheimer Disease.

We gathered some theoretic and practical concepts related to the importance of nutrition in the prevention and management of Alzheimer disease (AD). Besides the role of nutrients in brain development and functioning, some nutrients exert special control in the development of AD, due to their participation in neurotransmitter synthesis, their modulation in epigenetics mechanisms, and as antioxidants. In addition, some non-nutrient food-derived substances have shown potential in the control of neuroinflammation and consequently in the prevention of AD.