Is the IL1RA/IL1B Ratio a Suitable Biomarker for Subclinical Endometritis in Dairy Cows?

The adequate expression of cytokines is essential for the prevention and healing of bovine endometrial inflammation. This study investigated the intra-uterine concentration of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)1B and its antagonist IL1RA in cows with and without subclinical endometritis (SE). Samples were taken from 37 uteri at the abattoir and 26 uteri in vivo.

Concentration-Dependent Type 1 Interferon-Induced Regulation of MX1 and FABP3 in Bovine Endometrial Explants.

The inadequate maternal recognition of embryonic interferon τ (IFNτ) might explain subfertility in cattle. This study aimed at modeling the inducibility of type 1 interferon receptor subunits 1/2 (IFNAR1/2), mimicking competition between IFNτ and infection-associated interferon α (IFNα), and simulating type 1 interferon pathways in vitro. Endometrial explants (n = 728 from n = 26 healthy uteri) were collected at the abattoir, challenged with IFNτ and/or IFNα in different concentrations, and incubated for 24 h.

Functional characterization of the chicken cationic amino acid transporter-2 isoforms.

Utilization of lysine and arginine by mammalian skeletal muscle is due in large part to the system y(+) cationic amino acid transporters (CAT), particularly CAT-2A. The chicken CAT-2 (cCAT-2) gene is alternatively spliced to produce three isoforms (cCAT-2A/B/C). Chicken (Gallus gallus) CAT-2 isoforms were transiently and stably expressed in mammalian cell lines to determine cCAT-2 isoform cellular localization and transport properties.

Molecular cloning and characterization of the chicken cationic amino acid transporter-2 gene.

The system y(+) cationic amino acid transporters (CATs) play an important role in the regulation of lysine and arginine utilization. We have characterized the genomic organization and tissue transcription of the chicken CAT-2 (cCAT-2) isoforms from pectoralis muscle. The primary cCAT-2 transcript is alternatively spliced within the same position of the mRNA to produce cCAT-2A and cCAT-2B isoforms that share high nucleotide homology with their mammalian counterparts.