Airborne trichloramine in indoor swimming pools in Sweden.

Trichloramine is a disinfection by-product in chlorinated swimming pools. It can evaporate into the air and irritate eyes and airways among swimmers and pool workers. This study aimed to evaluate airborne concentrations of trichloramine in different types of indoor swimming pools.

Occupational particle exposure and chronic kidney disease: a cohort study in Swedish construction workers.

Objectives: Increasing epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that particle exposure is an environmental risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, only a few case-control studies have investigated this association in an occupational setting. Hence, our objective was to investigate associations between particle exposure and CKD in a large cohort of Swedish construction workers.

Associations between long-term exposure to low-level air pollution and risk of chronic kidney disease-findings from the Malmö Diet and Cancer cohort.

Background: Associations between air pollution and chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been reported, but studies at low exposure levels and relevant exposure time windows are still warranted. This study investigated clinical CKD at low air pollution levels in the Swedish Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort in different exposure time windows.

Methods: This study included 30,396 individuals, aged 45-74 at enrollment 1991-1996.

Health effects of exposure to diesel exhaust in diesel-powered trains.

Background: Short-term controlled exposure to diesel exhaust (DE) in chamber studies have shown mixed results on lung and systemic effects. There is a paucity of studies on well-characterized real-life DE exposure in humans. In the present study, 29 healthy volunteers were exposed to DE while sitting as passengers in diesel-powered trains.

Exposure to Air Pollution inside Electric and Diesel-Powered Passenger Trains.

Diesel-powered trains are used worldwide for passenger transport. The present study aimed to assess air pollution concentrations in passenger cars from diesel and electric trains. Personal exposure monitoring (6-7 h per day) was carried out for 49 days on diesel and 22 days on electric trains.

Exposure to Particles, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, and Nitrogen Dioxide in Swedish Restaurant Kitchen Workers.

Aims: The aim of this study was to measure the exposure to total dust, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) of kitchen workers in four different types of restaurants in Sweden (Large scale, European, Fast food, and Asian).

Methods: One hundred full work-shift (8 h) personal exposure samples were taken from 36 workers in 21 commercial kitchens. Most workers were sampled three times.

Urban air pollution and effects on biomarkers of systemic inflammation and coagulation: a panel study in healthy adults.

Context: Urban particulate air pollution is associated with cardiovascular diseases and mortality, possibly mediated through systemic inflammation and increased blood viscosity.

Objectives: To examine short-term effects of exposure to urban air pollution on blood biomarkers for systemic inflammation and coagulation in a panel of healthy adults living in Gothenburg, Sweden.

Materials And Methods: The 16 volunteers, all non-smokers, median age 35 years, were called for blood sampling the morning after a day with high levels of urban particulate matter (PM₁₀ > 30 µg/m³) or a day with low levels (PM₁₀ < 15 µg/m³ and NO₂ < 35 µg/m³).

Determinants of personal exposure to some carcinogenic substances and nitrogen dioxide among the general population in five Swedish cities.

Environmental levels of airborne carcinogenic and related substances are comparatively better known than individual exposure and its determinants. We report on a personal monitoring program involving five Swedish urban populations. The aim of the program was to investigate personal exposure to benzene, 1,3-butadiene, formaldehyde, and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

Effects on airways of short-term exposure to two kinds of wood smoke in a chamber study of healthy humans.

Introduction: Air pollution causes respiratory symptoms and pulmonary disease. Airway inflammation may be involved in the mechanism also for cardiovascular disease. Wood smoke is a significant contributor to air pollution, with complex and varying composition.

Variability of environmental exposure to fine particles, black smoke, and trace elements among a Swedish population.

Mixed-effects models were used to estimate within-person and between-person variance components, and some determinants of environmental exposure to particulate matter (PM(2.5)), black smoke (BS) and trace elements (Cl, K, Ca, Ti, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) for personal measurements from 30 adult subjects in Gothenburg, Sweden. The within-person variance component dominated the total variability for all investigated compounds except for PM(2.

Acute effects after occupational endotoxin exposure at a spa.

Objectives: Two spa workers reported such symptoms as fever, shivering, palpitation, arthralgia, and diarrhea after performing seaweed massages on clients at a spa center. This study was carried out to determine whether the symptoms were related to exposure to endotoxin.

Methods: Personal and stationary air sampling for the measurement of airborne endotoxin was carried out at the spa during the preparation of a bath and the following seaweed massage.

Exposure to fine particles (PM2.5 and PM1) and black smoke in the general population: personal, indoor, and outdoor levels.

Personal exposure to PM(2.5) and PM(1), together with indoor and residential outdoor levels, was measured in the general adult population (30 subjects, 23-51 years of age) of Gothenburg, Sweden. Simultaneously, urban background concentrations of PM(2.

Experimental wood smoke exposure in humans.

Experimental studies are used to evaluate effects of human exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated ambient particles. This article describes a system for studying exposure of humans to wood smoke. Wood smoke was generated using a wood stove placed outside an exposure chamber that can hold at least 10 subjects.

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of fine particle trace elements in the general population.

Personal exposures and indoor, residential outdoor, and urban background levels of PM(2.5) and PM(1) were measured simultaneously in Göteborg, Sweden. A total of 270 24 hour samples from 30 subjects were analyzed for elemental concentrations using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy.