Medical Professionalism and Its Association with Dropout Intention in Peruvian Medical Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic introduced unprecedented challenges to medical education systems and medical students worldwide, making it necessary to adapt teaching to a remote methodology during the academic year 2020-2021. The aim of this study was to characterize the association between medical professionalism and dropout intention during the pandemic in Peruvian medical schools.

Methods: A cross-sectional online-survey-based study was performed in four Peruvian medical schools (two public) during the academic year 2020-2021.

Transcriptome dataset of omental and subcutaneous adipose tissues from gestational diabetes patients.

Gestational diabetes (GD) is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases in pregnant women worldwide. GD is a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes, including macrosomia and preeclampsia. Given the multifactorial etiology and the complexity of its pathogenesis, GD requires advanced omics analyses to expand our understanding of the disease.

A Recurrent Mutation in an Extended Colombian Family and Variable Craniofacial Phenotypes.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a collection of rare genetic disorders affecting the quantity and/or quality of the tooth enamel. AI can be classified into three major types according to the clinical phenotype: hypoplastic, hypocalcified, and hypomatured. Among them, the hypocalcified type shows the weakest physical properties, leaving rough and discolored enamel surfaces after tooth eruption.

Antimicrobial Activity of Jacq and Loes on Microorganisms Associated with Periodontal Disease.

Background: Chronic periodontitis is a multifactorial infectious disease, where multiple bacteria, such as , , and are implicated. The main purpose of researching natural products is to find substances or compounds with antimicrobial activity.

Aim: The objective of this work was to determine antimicrobial activity from extracts and obtained fractions from Jacq and Loes on ATCC 33277, ATCC 25586, and ATCC 25611.

Perforator Propeller Flaps for the Coverage of Middle and Distal Leg Soft-tissue Defects.

Background: Local propeller flaps preserve the main vascular arteries of the lower extremity and muscle function, avoiding the need for a microsurgical anastomosis and the benefit of providing a "like with like" coverage. Our goal in this study was to demonstrate the versatility, safety, and complications of the local propeller flaps for lower extremity reconstruction.

Methods: We present a series of 28 patients in whom we used local propeller flaps to restore small-to-medium soft-tissue defects of the lower limb in different hospitals of Managua, Nicaragua.

The bioguided fractionation and pharmacological activity of an endemic Salix canariensis species.

The present study was designed to confirm the wide traditional use of treating pain with Salix canariensis, an endemic species of the Macaronesian region. The active compounds were identified. Pharmacological activities were explored in experimental animals by acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin and Levy's tests, and bioactive compounds were identified after a bio-guided fractionation of the most active organic extract.

Acupuncture-Related Quality of Life Changes Using PROMIS Computer Adaptive Tests in a Pragmatic Trial with Oncology and General Integrative Medicine Patients: The Role of Baseline Acupuncture Expectations.

Introduction: Acupuncture has been shown to alleviate symptoms and increase general well-being in different medical patient samples. A major challenge in acupuncture clinical research is the availability of comparable and standardized patient-reported outcome measurement (PRO) tools.

Objectives: This study used a pragmatic design to examine longitudinal changes in quality of life (QOL) in a medical patient sample following acupuncture using PROs from the National Institutes of Health's Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) initiative.

Developing a Peer-to-Peer mHealth Application to Connect Hispanic Cancer Patients.

Cancer and its treatment can significantly impact health-related quality of life (HRQOL) (J Pain Symptom Manag 9 (3):186-192, 1994; Soc Sci Med 46:1569-1584, 1998), particularly for Hispanics (Healthcare Financ Rev 29 (4):23-40, 2008; Psycho-Oncology 21 (2):115-124, 2012). Moreover, providers of cancer support for this population may encounter unique challenges. Grounded in social capital theory, this study identified Spanish-speaking, Hispanic breast cancer survivor support needs and preferences for a mHealth intervention.

Policaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone/siloxane hybrid materials: Synthesis and in vitro delivery of diclofenac and biocompatibility with periodontal ligament fibroblasts.

In this paper, we report the synthesis of polycaprolactone (PCL) based hybrid materials containing hydrophilic domains composed of N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP), and γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS). The hybrid materials were obtained by RAFT copolymerization of N-vinylpyrrolidone and MPS using a pre-formed dixanthate-end-functionalized PCL as macro-chain transfer agent, followed by a post-reaction crosslinking step. The composition of the samples was determined by elemental and thermogravimetric analyses.

Epac activation initiates associative odor preference memories in the rat pup.

Here we examine the role of the exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (Epac) in β-adrenergic-dependent associative odor preference learning in rat pups. Bulbar Epac agonist (8-pCPT-2-O-Me-cAMP, or 8-pCPT) infusions, paired with odor, initiated preference learning, which was selective for the paired odor. Interestingly, pairing odor with Epac activation produced both short-term (STM) and long-term (LTM) odor preference memories.

eSalud: designing and implementing culturally competent ehealth research with latino patient populations.

eHealth is characterized by technology-enabled processes, systems, and applications that expedite accurate, real-time health information, feedback, and skill development to advance patient-centered care. When designed and applied in a culturally competent manner, eHealth tools can be particularly beneficial for traditionally marginalized ethnic minority groups, such as Latinos, a group that has been identified as being at the forefront of emerging technology use in the United States. In this analytic overview, we describe current eHealth research that has been conducted with Latino patient populations.

HD-PRO-TRIAD™ Validation: A Patient-reported Instrument for the Symptom Triad of Huntington's Disease.

Background: Few valid, disease-specific measures of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) capture the spectrum of symptoms associated with Huntington's disease (HD). The HD-PRO-TRIAD™ is a new, HD-specific, patient-reported outcome (PRO) instrument of the HD symptom triad (cognitive decline, emotional/behavioral dyscontrol, and motor dysfunction) designed for clinical research and practice. The objective was to validate the HD-PRO-TRIAD™ through a cross-sectional sample of individuals with HD and caregivers.

Identifying Motor, Emotional-Behavioral, and Cognitive Deficits that Comprise the Triad of HD Symptoms from Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perspectives.

Background: The objective of this study was to identify important attributes associated with the triad of symptoms (cognition, emotional-behavioral, and motor) of Huntington's disease (HD) from patient, caregiver, and medical provider perspectives to facilitate development of a new disease-specific, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument.

Methods: We conducted a targeted literature review of HD and HRQOL instruments, expert surveys, and patient and caregiver phone-based interviews to extract information on the symptoms and issues most relevant to the HD symptom triad (HD triad). The data collected from these sources were used to generate themes and subdomains and to develop an integrated schema that highlights the key dimensions of the triad.

Clinical and molecular analysis of the enamelin gene ENAM in Colombian families with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta.

In this study, we analyzed the phenotype, clinical characteristics and presence of mutations in the enamelin gene ENAM in five Colombian families with autosomal dominant amelogenesis imperfecta (ADAI). 22 individuals (15 affected and seven unaffected) belonging to five Colombian families with ADAI and eight individuals (three affected and five unaffected) belonging to three Colombian families with autosomal recessive amelogenesis imperfecta (ARAI) that served as controls for molecular alterations and inheritance patterns were studied. Clinical, radiographic and genetic evaluations were done in all individuals.

Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oxycodone alone and in combination with ethanol in healthy volunteers.

Rationale: Nonmedical use of prescription opioids is sometimes accompanied by the ingestion of ethanol. Whether ethanol increases the abuse liability-related effects of prescription opioids has not been determined.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to characterize the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of oxycodone, a widely prescribed and abused opioid, and ethanol, alone and in combination.

Psychopharmacological effects of oxycodone in volunteers with and without generalized anxiety disorder.

A number of studies have documented a relationship between anxiety disorders and opioid misuse and abuse, and there is some data to suggest that some people use opioids in an attempt to reduce their anxiety. We tested the hypothesis that volunteers with an anxiety disorder would report a more positive spectrum of subjective effects (i.e.

Polymorphisms of the noggin gene and mandibular micrognathia: a first approximation.

Mandibular micrognathia is a deficiency in mandibular growth that prevents tooth contact during mastication, interferes with phonation and even causes sleep apnea. Studies show that mutant mice for chd (chordin) and nog (noggin) genes, which are modulators of the Bone Morphogenic Protein (BMP), had mandibular defects ranging from mandibular hypoplasia to micrognathia and agnathia. The human NOG gene was the first BMP antagonist identified and it is essential for various late events in mandibular development, which require modulation of the BMP activity.

Within-subject comparison of the psychopharmacological profiles of oral hydrocodone and oxycodone combination products in non-drug-abusing volunteers.

Background: Non-medical use and abuse of prescription opioids is a significant problem in the United States. Little attention has been paid to assessing the relative psychopharmacological profile (including abuse liability-related effects) of specific prescription opioids. The purpose of this study was to directly compare the psychopharmacological profile of two widely prescribed and abused oral opioid combination products within the same subject.

Subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects profile of hydrocodone/acetaminophen and oxycodone/acetaminophen combination products.

Objectives: To compare within the same individuals two typically prescribed doses of hydrocodone/acetaminophen and oxycodone/acetaminophen products for their subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects in healthy volunteers.

Design: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover, six-session clinical laboratory study, enrolling 16 healthy participants (27.2 +/- 4.

Association of MSX1 with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate in a Colombian population.

Objective: To evaluate the association between MSX1 CA polymorphism and nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL+/-P) in a group of patients from Operation Smile Colombia.

Design: Four alleles from MSX1 CA microsatellite sequence were analyzed. Polymerase chain reaction was carried out.

Identification of a novel mutation in the enamalin gene in a family with autosomal-dominant amelogenesis imperfecta.

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a heterogeneous genetic disorder that affects the formation of the dental enamel matrix. Mutations in the enamelin (ENAM) gene have been found in patients with this disorder. The objective of this research was to identify the mutations reported in exons 4, 7 and 9 of the ENAM gene in a single Colombian family with autosomal-dominant AI and to establish the phenotype.

Profiling the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of a hydrocodone/acetaminophen product in recreational drug users.

Background: Hydrocodone (HYD) is a mu opioid agonist. Hydrocodone/acetaminophen HYD/ACET compounds are both widely prescribed and abused prescription painkillers in the United States. In the present study, we profiled the subjective, psychomotor, and physiological effects of the compound.