Associations of maternal peripregnancy cannabis use with behavioral and developmental outcomes in children with and without symptoms of autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development.

Some studies report increased prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and associated symptoms with prenatal cannabis exposure. We examined whether associations of maternal cannabis use from 3 months preconception through delivery ("peripregnancy") with behavior and development in the offspring varied with the presence of ASD symptoms. Children ages 30-68 months with ASD symptoms (i.

Characteristics of Young Children Associated with Diagnostic Utility of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule: A DBPNet Study.

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify characteristics of children for whom a developmental-behavioral pediatrician's (DBP) diagnostic impressions of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or non-ASD were changed by Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) results.

Method: A prospective study of children 1½ to <6 years consecutively referred to 8 sites for possible ASD. Cognitive/developmental, language, and adaptive testing varied, as each site followed its usual clinical approach.

Assessing Community Needs for Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of Rural/Frontier Needs Through Community Outreach With Developmental Pediatrics.

Early intervention is known to improve long-term outcomes for individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Access barriers to care limit timely engagement with supportive services. This report characterized the community needs and supportive services for children and families with suspected or diagnosed ASD.

Cultural relevance of fine motor domain of the ASQ in Guatemala.

Previous research suggests that the Ages and Stages Questionnaire-3rd ed. (ASQ) fine motor domain (FMD) may not be culturally relevant for developmental screening in a rural Guatemalan community, as the FMD accounts for 40% of all abnormal screenings after a needs assessment in this community. We hypothesize this is due to a lack of exposure to objects assessed in the questionnaire, such as blocks or light switches.

Receipt of Behavioral Therapy in Preschool-Age Children with ADHD and Coexisting Conditions: A DBPNet Study.

Objective: Practice guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and Society for Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics recommend evidence-based behavioral therapy (BT) as first-line treatment for preschool-age children with ADHD, prior to medication initiation. Thus, this study's objective is to present the frequency of physician-documented receipt of BT in preschool-age children with ADHD prior to medication initiation and to determine factors associated with receipt BT receipt.

Methods: This retrospective medical record review was conducted across 7 Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network (DBPNet) sites.

Do Externalizing and Internalizing Symptoms Moderate Medication Response in Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? A DBPNet Study.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine whether parent ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom severity or externalizing symptoms (EXT) or internalizing symptoms (INT) moderate response to stimulants (STIM) and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists (A2As) in preschool ADHD.

Methods: Health records for children treated with medication for ADHD and with parent rating scale data available (N = 309; age <72 months) were reviewed at 7 Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Research Network sites. Severity of ADHD was defined as the number of ADHD symptoms occurring often or very often on DSM-IV-based parent rating scales.

Clinician Diagnostic Certainty and the Role of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule in Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis in Young Children.

Importance: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 44 children. The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is a semi-structured observation developed for use in research but is considered a component of gold standard clinical diagnosis. The ADOS adds time and cost to diagnostic assessments.

Peri-Pregnancy Cannabis Use and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Offspring: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.

The association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with self-reported maternal cannabis use from 3 months pre-conception to delivery ("peri-pregnancy") was assessed in children aged 30-68 months, born 2003 to 2011. Children with ASD (N = 1428) were compared to children with other developmental delays/disorders (DD, N = 1198) and population controls (POP, N = 1628). Peri-pregnancy cannabis use was reported for 5.

α2-Adrenergic Agonists or Stimulants for Preschool-Age Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Importance: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is diagnosed in approximately 2.4% of preschool-age children. Stimulants are recommended as first-line medication treatment.

Preschool Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Telephone Medication Management at Developmental-Behavioral Pediatric Network Sites.

Objective: To understand developmental-behavioral pediatricians' (DBPs') use of clinic versus telephone encounters for preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medication management. Understanding use of telephone encounters for pharmacologic management of ADHD in preschoolers may inform care for children with ADHD.

Methods: DBP investigators within Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics Research Network abstracted data from medical records of 503 children aged younger than 72 months treated for ADHD with medication by a DBP clinician between January 1, 2013, and July 1, 2017, across 7 sites.

Primary contributors to gastrostomy tube placement in infants with Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia.

Objective: To identify factors associated with gastrostomy tube (GT) placement in infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of 114 surviving infants with CDH at a single tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit from 2010-2019. Prenatal, perinatal and postnatal characteristics were compared between patients who were discharged home with and without a GT.

Use of Transition Resources by Primary Care Providers for Youth With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.

Youth with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often experience difficulties with successful transition from pediatric to adult healthcare. A consultative Transition Clinic for youth with IDD was piloted as a quality improvement project, and assessed the engagement of primary care providers (PCPs) for transition planning after patients were seen in clinic. Although many PCPs found the clinic and resources useful, individual and systemic barriers often prohibited them from participating in transition planning for this patient population.

Out-of-Home Placement for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities-Addendum: Care Options for Children and Adolescents With Disabilities and Medical Complexity.

Children and adolescents with significant intellectual and developmental disabilities and complex medical problems require safe and comprehensive care to meet their medical and psychosocial needs. Ideally, such children and youth should be cared for by their families in their home environments. When this type of arrangement is not possible, there should be exploration of appropriate, alternative noncongregate community-based settings, especially alternative family homes.

Developmental Behavioral Pediatrician Support of the Medical Home for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Objective: To identify challenges primary care providers (PCPs) experience providing a Medical Home for children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and to describe the role developmental behavioral pediatricians (DBPs) play in the Medical Home Neighborhood.

Methods: The authors used purposeful sampling to recruit 25 PCPs from around Colorado to participate in 4 focus groups. Member checking was performed at the end of each group.

Out-of-home placement for children and adolescents with disabilities.

The vast majority of children and youth with chronic and complex health conditions who also have intellectual and developmental disabilities are cared for in their homes. Social, legal, policy, and medical changes through the years have allowed for an increase in needed support within the community. However, there continues to be a relatively small group of children who live in various types of congregate care settings.

End-of-life care policies and practices in pediatric skilled nursing facilities.

Although most children with intellectual and developmental disabilities reside in the community, a subset of children with severe intellectual disability and complex medical needs reside in pediatric skilled nursing facilities. These children have elevated mortality with end-of-life care (EOLC) routinely provided. The present study explored policies and practice in such settings by surveying administrators, nursing directors, and medical directors in facilities across the United States.

Unique and universal barriers: hospice care for aging adults with intellectual disability.

As life expectancy of people with intellectual disability (ID) has increased, there has been a concurrent increase in age-related illnesses and conditions similar to that of the general population. These circumstances result in people with ID dying from typical life-ending conditions, and thus, they require similar end-of-life services such as palliative and hospice care. Although there are notable barriers to hospice for all, people with ID face additional challenges in accessing the benefits of these services.

Deletions of NRXN1 (neurexin-1) predispose to a wide spectrum of developmental disorders.

Research has implicated mutations in the gene for neurexin-1 (NRXN1) in a variety of conditions including autism, schizophrenia, and nicotine dependence. To our knowledge, there have been no published reports describing the breadth of the phenotype associated with mutations in NRXN1. We present a medical record review of subjects with deletions involving exonic sequences of NRXN1.

Abnormal neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental findings in a cohort of antenatally diagnosed congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors.

Purpose: Prior studies have shown that survivors of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) repair may have long-term cardiac, pulmonary, and nutritional issues, as well as neurodevelopmental sequelae within the first 3 years of life. In this study, we examined the relationship between neuroimaging abnormalities and neurodevelopmental outcomes in a cohort of antenatally diagnosed CDH survivors.

Methods: Retrospective chart reviews were performed for CDH survivors born from January 2000 to December 2007 who were evaluated antenatally in the Advanced Fetal Care Center at Children's Hospital Boston (Mass).