Retrospective epidemiologic and genomic surveillance of arboviruses in 2023 in Brazil reveals high co-circulation of chikungunya and dengue viruses.

Background: The rapid spread and increase of chikungunya (CHIKV) and dengue (DENV) cases in Brazilian regions in 2023 has raised concerns about the impact of arboviruses on public health. Epidemiological and genomic surveillance was performed to estimate the introduction and spread of CHIKV and DENV in Brazil.

Methods: This study obtained results from the Hermes Pardini (HP), a private medical laboratory, and the Health Department of Minas Gerais state (SES-MG).

Multiplatform metabolomic interlaboratory study of a whole human stool candidate reference material from omnivore and vegan donors.

Introduction: Human metabolomics has made significant strides in understanding metabolic changes and their implications for human health, with promising applications in diagnostics and treatment, particularly regarding the gut microbiome. However, progress is hampered by issues with data comparability and reproducibility across studies, limiting the translation of these discoveries into practical applications.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the fit-for-purpose of a suite of human stool samples as potential candidate reference materials (RMs) and assess the state of the field regarding harmonizing gut metabolomics measurements.

Translation and Validation of the Brazilian Version of the European Obesity Academy Questionnaire on Patients' Motivations for Seeking Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery.

Purpose: Understanding patients' motives for undergoing metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is key to managing postoperative expectations. We aimed to translate and validate the 14-item European Obesity Academy Questionnaire on Expectations about Surgical Treatment (EOAQ-EST) to Brazilian Portuguese for research and clinical use.

Materials And Methods: This study included a total of 198 candidates for MBS at a reference academic hospital in Brazil from January 2021 to February 2022.

Selective Caries Removal: A Case Report with 21-Year Follow-Up.

Dental caries remains the most prevalent chronic disease globally, and its management should adhere to the principles of minimal intervention dentistry. This study reports a series of successful cases involving the selective removal of carious tissue in permanent molars, with follow-up periods of up to 21 years. Six permanent molars with severe and deep carious lesions were treated with selective caries removal and restored with high-viscosity glass ionomer cement.

Synthesis and and Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Thiazolidinedione-quinoline Derivatives.

Background: Inflammation is a series of complex defense-related reactions. The inflammation cascade produces various pro-inflammatory mediators. Unregulated production of these pro-inflammatory mediators can lead to a wide range of diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, sepsis, and inflammatory bowel disease.

Saline extract of leaves with photoprotective and antioxidant activities does not show acute oral and dermal toxicity in mice.

Unlabelled: The present study aimed to evaluate saline extracts from the leaves (LE) and stem (SE) of in relation to their phytochemical composition and photoprotective and antioxidant effects, as well as to evaluate the toxicity of the leaf extract. The extracts were characterized for protein concentration and phenol and flavonoid contents, as well as for thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles. Total antioxidant capacity and DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities were determined.

The patient generated-subjective global assessment (PG-SGA) and ECOG performance status are associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with breast cancer.

Aim: This study evaluated the association between risk of malnutrition and performance status, and mortality in hospitalized breast cancer patients.

Methods: Prospective cohort study with hospitalized breast cancer patients evaluated at a referral Cancer Center. The Risk of malnutrition was assessed by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) and performance status was determined using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status Scale (ECOG PS).

Immunoparalysis in critically ill children.

Immunoparalysis is associated with poorer outcomes in the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) setting. We aimed to determine the group of patients with higher chances of immunoparalysis and correlate this status with increased risks of nosocomial infection and adverse clinical parameters. We conducted an exploratory study with prospective data collection in a university-affiliated tertiary medical, surgical, and cardiac PICU.

Effects of Acylhydrazone Derivatives on Experimental Pulmonary Inflammation by Chemical Sensitization.

Background: Chronic lung diseases are characterized by airway inflammation and remodelling of the lung parenchyma that triggers considerable impairment of respiratory function.

Objective: In this study, two compounds belonging to the N-acylhydrazone class were evaluated, aiming to identify new therapeutic agents for pulmonary inflammatory diseases.

Materials And Methods: The acute toxicity of 2-cyano-N'-(3-ethoxy-4-hydroxybenzylidene)- acetohydrazide (JR-12) and N'-benzylidene-2-cyano-3-phenylacrylohydrazide (JR09-Bz) was evaluated.

Frequency of Human Papillomavirus Detection in Chagasic Megaesophagus Associated or Not with Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background: Chagasic megaesophagus (CM) as well as the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) has been reported as etiological factors for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Objective: We assessed the prevalence of HPV DNA in a series of ESCCs associated or not with CM. Data obtained were further correlated to the pathological and clinical data of affected individuals.

Cyclic Peroxidic Carbon Dioxide Dimer Fuels Peroxyoxalate Chemiluminescence.

Peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence is used in self-contained light sources, such as glow sticks, where oxidation of aromatic oxalate esters produces a high-energy intermediate (HEI) that excites fluorescence dyes via electron transfer chemistry, mimicking bioluminescence for efficient chemical energy-to-light conversion. The identity of the HEI and reasons for the efficiency of the peroxyoxalate reaction remain elusive. We present here unequivocal proof that the HEI of the peroxyoxalate system is a cyclic peroxidic carbon dioxide dimer, namely, 1,2-dioxetanedione.

New Trends in Biological Activities and Clinical Studies of Quinolinic Analogues: A Review.

The quinolinic ring, present in several molecules, possesses a great diversity of biological activities. Therefore, this ring is in the structural composition of several candidates of drugs in preclinical and clinical studies; thus, it is necessary to compile these results to facilitate the design of new drugs. For this reason, some of the activities of compounds are selected to examine in this review, such as antimalarial, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-rheumatic, and antiviral activities.

Development of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) on Poultry Litter-Based Diets: Effect on Chemical Composition of Larvae.

In order to investigate a low-cost and sustainable food source, the present study evaluated the use of poultry litter for rearing Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera:  Tenebrionidae). The experiment was performed with five diets containing increasing levels of poultry litter (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%) replacing the control diet and five replicates with 50 larvae per sample unit. Larval growth and development were evaluated and the chemical compositions of diet and T.

Workshop report: Toward the development of a human whole stool reference material for metabolomic and metagenomic gut microbiome measurements.

Introduction: To date, there has been little effort to develop standards for metabolome-based gut microbiome measurements despite the significant efforts toward standard development for DNA-based microbiome measurements.

Objectives: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The BioCollective (TBC), and the North America Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) are collaborating to extend NIST's efforts to develop a Human Whole Stool Reference Material for the purpose of method harmonization and eventual quality control.

Methods: The reference material will be rationally designed for adequate quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) for underlying measurements in the study of the impact of diet and nutrition on functional aspects of the host gut microbiome and relationships of those functions to health.

Phytochemical Screening and Bioactivity of spp. in the Control of (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae).

We tested the bioactivity of aqueous extracts of spp. (Myrtales: Onagraceae) on the biological cycle of . We assessed the duration of and viability during the larval, pupal and adult phases, as well as the influence of the extracts on the fecundity and hatching of eggs.

Spray drying encapsulation of stevia extract with maltodextrin and evaluation of the physicochemical and functional properties of produced powders.

This work aimed to formulate and perform physicochemical and functional characterization of maltodextrin microcapsules containing ethanolic extract of stevia, rich in antioxidant compounds, encapsulated by a spray-drying process with two maltodextrins (DE10 and DE19). The powders were named M10 and M19, respectively. We analyzed the physicochemical parameters, antidiabetic activity, cytotoxicity, bioaccessibility of the compounds by in vitro digestion, as well as the structure of the microcapsules by scanning electron microscopy.

The impact of lamb cleanliness and line speed on the effectiveness of steam vacuum and carcass wash as decontamination methods after slaughter.

This study assessed the effectiveness of steam vacuum and carcass wash in decontaminating lamb carcasses by measuring Enterobacteriaceae, total viable counts (TVC), and visible contamination. In addition, different levels of fleece cleanliness and different line speeds were evaluated for each group. The sampling covered four groups: i) control, ii) steam vacuum, iii) carcass wash, and iv) steam vacuum and carcass wash.

Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and molecular docking study of new aza-bicyclic isoxazoline acylhydrazone derivatives.

The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of two new isoxazoline-acylhydrazone derivatives: '-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-6-(4-nitro-benzoyl)-3,5,6,6-tetrahydro-4-pyrrolo[3,2-]isoxazole-3-carbohydrazide (R-123) and '-(4-chlorobenzylidene)-6-(4-chlorobenzoyl)-3,5,6,6-tetrahydro-4-pyrrolo[3,2-]isoxazole-3-carbohydrazide (R-99). An air pouch induced by carrageenan was used for screening the best dose of R-99 and R-123. Using this mouse model, leukocyte migration and cytokine levels (TNF-α and IL-1β) were determined.