Family Medicine Residency Program Directors' Perception of Curricular Elements Related to Autism: A CERA Study.

Background And Objectives: The family medicine (FM) approach to health care across the life span is well-suited to providing care for persons living with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Little is known about ASD curricula in FM residency training and the characteristics of FM residency programs that prepare their residents to care for persons with this disorder.

Methods: Our study questions were part of a larger omnibus survey by the Council of Academic Family Medicine Educational Research Alliance (CERA) with data collection from November 16 to December 18, 2022, from FM residency program directors (PDs).

Value of Modeling Violent Relationships.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a scar on human society. Growing evidence demonstrates that relationships involving IPV and women's decisionmaking about violence represent complex phenomena, best studied as complex adaptive systems. Unfortunately, that complexity limits our ability to fully understand it.

Modeling Daily Partner Violence and Substance Use Based upon Couple's Reporting.

While agent-based models (ABMs) have successfully modeled violence and women's decision-making, they relied upon studies of her daily reports of violence and household environment; these models were not based upon descriptions of his emotions and perceptions. The purpose of this study was to improve our understanding of the triggers of violent events within violent relationships through agent-based modeling by including men's perceptions and emotions. An agent-based model was created of couples with history of violence based upon results of a study involving multiple time series of partner violence, including couples' daily reports of their emotions and perceptions.

Outcomes of a Scholarly Activity Curriculum for Family Medicine Residents.

Background And Objectives: Scholarship is essential to growth and innovation in family medicine. Moreover, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Review Committee-Family Medicine requires family medicine residents to complete scholarly activities. However, many residents lack the training and confidence to successfully conduct such activities.

Violence towards women and their decisions to take action: A complex systems approach.

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a blight on society. Our traditional understanding suggests that interventions should be straightforward, leading to predictable positive results. However, these assumptions do not reflect the reality of IPV, which continues to frustrate physicians.

Same-Day Correlates and Prior-Day Predictors of Couples' Violent Behaviors Based upon Partners' Daily Reports.

Although previous research identified predictors of violent events within violent heterosexual couples, findings were limited to the woman's reports, to her perceptions; his assessments were not obtained. This exploratory study was conducted to gain understanding of proximal predictors of violence assessed in "real-time" from the perspective of both partners. Fifteen adult heterosexual couples in which the woman reported experiencing partner violence in the prior 30 days were enrolled in a primary care clinic.

Act Scholarly! Embrace your inner behavioral .

Fifty years of scholarship by behavioral science faculty shaped the training and practice of family physicians. One can trace behavioral science influence from the philosophical underpinnings of family medicine (whole-person, patient-centered, biopsychosocial care), to the translation of psychotherapy skills into tools for family physicians, to the discovery of successful, integrated healthcare teams of family physicians and behavioral science professionals. Family medicine as we know it today rests on the shoulders of scholars who collaborated to conceive, experiment, evaluate, improve, and innovate.

Effect of Incorporating Catastrophic Equations into an Agent-Based Model of Women's Action-Taking in Violent Relationships.

Based upon multiple time series studies, an agent-based model (ABM) of women's decision-making related to partner violence was developed. However, help-seeking, legal action and leaving could be modeled as catastrophic phenomena, but catastrophic effects were not included in this prior ABM. The purpose of this study was to incorporate cusp catastrophe equations into the prior ABM to determine the impact upon her action-taking.

Modeling Women's Need For Action in Violent Relationships.

We are beginning to understand that intimate partner violence (IPV) and women's decision-making about that violence are nonlinear phenomena. IPV and decision-making are influenced by variables feedforwarding upon themselves with multiple interconnected predictors and circularly causal relationships. Computer models can help us gain a systems perspective on these relationships and enable hypothesis-testing without engendering risk to women in these relationships.

Complex Relationship Between Daily Partner Violence and Alcohol Use Among Violent Heterosexual Men.

Although alcohol use and partner violence are consistently associated, the nature of the alcohol-violence relationship is still unclear. The purpose of this pilot study was to use longitudinal daily assessments of male partners' alcohol use and violent events to identify the nature of the alcohol-violence relationship, employing both linear and nonlinear analyses. The participants were 20 adult heterosexual couples of whom the woman reported experiencing partner violence in the prior 30 days.

He Said, She Said: Comparing Men's and Women's Descriptions of Men's Partner Violence.

More than one in three women and one in four men in the United States report victimization by intimate partner violence. Women and men often disagree about the frequency or severity of violent acts, and researchers have proposed various reasons for discordant reports. Using daily surveys and qualitative interviews, we compared men's and women's reports about men's partner aggression and examined language they used to describe their experiences.

The association between depression and type of treatments received for chronic low back pain.

Background: Depression is associated with receipt of opioids in non-cancer pain.

Objectives: To determine whether the receipt of opioid therapy modifies the relationship of depression and use of multiple non-opioid pain treatments.

Methods: Patients (n = 320) with chronic low back pain (CLBP) were recruited from family medicine clinics and completed questionnaires that measured use of home remedies, physical treatments requiring a provider and non-opioid medication treatments.

Coding Family Medicine Residency Clinic Visits, 99213 or 99214? A Residency Research Network of Texas Study.

Background And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to characterize Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) coding patterns for professional services in family physician (FP) residency clinics.

Methods: Trained assistants directly observed during every other FP-patient encounter in 10 clinics affiliated with eight residencies of the Residency Research Network of Texas. Three investigators later independently coded each visit for the highest code level reasonably allowed.

Psychometrics of the Violence Nonlinear Dynamics Scale.

Objective: The trajectory of daily partner violence generally demonstrates nonlinear dynamics, and this nonlinearity is important to patient outcomes, as it is sometimes a stronger predictor of outcomes than violence frequency or severity. However, measurement of such dynamics is difficult, requiring complete time series data of sufficient length to yield stable measures. The purpose of this study was to develop a pencil-and-paper instrument to estimate violence nonlinearity and assess its psychometrics.

Agent-Based Modeling of Day-to-Day Intimate Partner Violence.

The purpose of this study was to develop a mathematical model of mutual partner violence and assess impact of her controllable behaviors on reducing violence. An agent-based model was created of couples with history of violence based upon results of two multiple time series studies of partner violence. To explore factors that may alter model results, eight continuous variable parameters were created based upon significant (p=.

Disability Benefits and Change in Prescription Opioid Dose.

Among chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients, workers' compensation is associated with longer term prescription opioid analgesic use (OAU). The aim was to study the association between receiving Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) benefits and course of OAU. This prospective cohort study utilized data from primary care patients diagnosed with non-cancer CLBP.

The Dynamics of Partner Violence and Alcohol Use in Couples: Research Methods.

Objective: This research team uses complexity science to gain a deeper understanding of daily dynamics of intimate partner violence (IPV). This report describes research methods for gathering daily information about patterns of partner violence and alcohol use from couples in near-real time, and addresses recruitment and retention, adherence to study protocol, data validity, and participant safety.

Methods: Researchers enrolled 20 heterosexual couples with violent relationships from a primary healthcare center.

Multi-day Patterns around Taking Action in Intimate Partner Violence.

This study was to determine the multi-day relationships among stressors, need and taking action (seeking counseling, taking legal action, leaving) by women in violent relationships. Women with recent husband-to-wife abuse but not at high-risk for life-threatening violence were recruited from six primary care clinics and asked to complete a daily description of the previous day's violence, need-for-action, and stressors using Interactive Voice Response via telephone for 8 weeks. Taking action (seeking counseling, taking legal action, leaving) was determined via weekly telephone contacts.

A Time-Motion Study of Primary Care Physicians' Work in the Electronic Health Record Era.

Background And Objectives: Electronic health records (EHRs) have had mixed effects on the workflow of ambulatory primary care. In this study, we update previous research on the time required to care for patients in primary care clinics with EHRs.

Methods: We directly observed family physician (FP) attendings, residents, and their ambulatory patients in 982 visits in clinics affiliated with 10 residencies of the Residency Research Network of Texas.

Is Perceived Need for Action Among Women in Violent Relationships Nonlinear and, If So, Why?

Despite the prevalence and impact of partner violence, we understand little about women's action taking except that it seems an unpredictable, nonlinear process. This article determines the degree of nonlinearity in perceived need for help, legal action, or leaving among women in violent relationships. The participants included 143 women who experienced violence in the previous month, enrolled from six primary care clinics.

Is Readiness to Take Action Among Women in Violent Relationships a Catastrophic Phenomenon?

Taking action among women in violent relationships appears to involve sudden changes and reversals after periods of building stress, suggesting that decision making is a "catastrophic" phenomenon. This study sought to determine whether readiness-to-change is best modeled as a cusp catastrophic (CCM) phenomenon among women in violent relationships. A total of 143 women who experienced violence in the previous month completed baseline and end-of-study interviews assessing her hope, coping strategies, social network, and readiness-for-action (seeking help, taking legal action, and leaving) concerning the violence.

Childhood Trauma, Social Networks, and the Mental Health of Adult Survivors.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of childhood trauma to the quality of social networks and health outcomes later in adulthood. Data were obtained from a convenience sample of 254 adults seen in one of 10 primary care clinics in the state of Texas. Standardized measures of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), stressful and supportive social relationships, medical conditions, anxiety, depression, and health-related quality of life were administered.

Using Reflections to Evaluate the STFM Behavioral Science/Family Systems Educator Fellowship.

Background And Objectives: A group of family medicine educators identified a need and developed a 1-year fellowship for early career behavioral science educators. This occurred in response to a reduction in previous opportunities and resources. The program was designed to shape and mentor new behavioral science faculty teaching in family medicine departments and programs.