Impaired episodic verbal memory recall after 1 week and elevated forgetting in children after mild traumatic brain injury - results from a short-term longitudinal study.

Objective: There is preliminary evidence that children after traumatic brain injury (TBI) have accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF), i.e., an adequate learning and memory performance in standardized memory tests, but an excessive rate of forgetting over delays of days or weeks.

Long-term forgetting is independent of age in healthy children and adolescents.

Introduction: In clinical neuropsychology, the phenomenon of accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) has advanced to be a marker for subtle but clinically relevant memory problems associated with a range of neurological conditions. The normal developmental trajectory of long-term memory, in this case, memory recall after 1 week, and the influence of cognitive variables such as intelligence have not extensively been described, which is a drawback for the use of accelerated long-term forgetting measures in pediatric neuropsychology.

Methods: In this clinical observation study, we analyzed the normal developmental trajectory of verbal memory recall after 1 week in healthy children and adolescents.

Processing speed and its association with working memory and episodic memory 3-6 months after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), children show reduced processing speed (PS). Evidence suggests that slowed PS after TBI is associated with working memory deficits. Our aim was to investigate several forms of PS and to examine its impact on working and episodic memory performance in children after mTBI.

Different trajectories of post-concussive symptom subscales after pediatric mild traumatic brain injury: Data from a prospective longitudinal study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the trajectory of parent-rated post-concussive symptoms (PCS), attentional performance and participation within 6 months in children after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: For this prospective longitudinal study, we included data on 64 children after mTBI and 57 healthy control children (age 8-16 years). Parents rated PCS using the Post-Concussion Symptom Inventory (PCSI) immediately (T0), 1 week (T1), and 3-6 months after injury (T2).

Protocol on establishing a national disease registry-Swiss Pediatric Inflammatory Brain Disease Registry.

Background: Pediatric-onset inflammatory brain diseases are a group of potentially life-threatening central nervous system disorders. Overall, pediatric-onset inflammatory brain diseases are rare and therefore difficult to study. Patient registries are well suited to study the natural history of (rare) diseases and have markedly advanced the knowledge on pediatric-onset inflammatory brain diseases in other countries.

Inflammatory Type Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy of the Posterior Circulation in Children: A Comparative Cohort Study.

Background: Inflammatory type focal cerebral arteriopathy (FCA-i) in the anterior circulation (AC) is well characterized, and the focal cerebral arteriopathy severity score (FCASS) reflects the severity of the disease. We identified cases of FCA-i in the posterior circulation (PC) and adapted the FCASS to describe these cases.

Methods: In this comparative cohort study, patients from the Swiss NeuroPaediatric Stroke Registry with ischemic stroke due to FCA-i between January 2000 and December 2018 were analyzed.

Delayed episodic memory recall after one week is associated with executive functions and divided attention in pediatric epilepsy patients.

Aim: Recent studies suggest that although children with epilepsy may show normal learning and memory performance, accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) may become evident over time. Our study examined associations between delayed episodic memory performance (recall 1-week after learning) and executive functions.

Method: A consecutive sample of children with a diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy with focal or generalized seizures, without morphologic or metabolic abnormalities (n = 20, mean age: 11.

Acute flaccid myelitis in Switzerland - association with enterovirus D68.

Poliomyelitis-like acute flaccid myelitis associated with enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) has emerged globally during the past decade. Here we describe the first documented case reported from Switzerland, and a second, suspected case occurring in temporal association. AFM occurs primarily in children, is usually heralded by a febrile, respiratory prodrome followed by acute-onset, usually asymmetrical, limb weakness with some predilection for the upper extremities, and respiratory muscle compromise in one third of reported cases.

Systematic Review of Accelerated Long-term Forgetting in Children and Adolescents With Neuropediatric Diseases.

Purpose Of Review: Accelerated long-term forgetting (ALF) describes the phenomenon of normal learning and memory performance after short delays, but greater forgetting after longer delays, which is not objectified in standardized memory tests. The topic is attracting increasing interest due to its clinical importance. Studies investigating pediatric ALF remain rare, and no systematic review exists.

Fatigue in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Clinical Phenomenology, Comorbidities and Association With Initial Course of COVID-19.

Introduction: Post-COVID-19 syndrome affects approximately 10-25% of people suffering from COVID-19 infection, irrespective of initial COVID-19 severity. Fatigue is one of the major symptoms, occurring in 30-90% of people with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study aims at describing factors associated with fatigue in people with Post-COVID-19 seen in our newly established Post-Covid clinic.

Computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test in a Swiss Pediatric Cohort Part 1: Validation.

Objective: The objective of this study was to validate the computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test (c-SDMT) in a Swiss pediatric cohort, in comparing the Swiss sample to the Canadian norms. Secondly, we evaluated sex effects, age-effects, and test-retest reliability of the c-SDMT in comparison to values obtained for the paper and pencil version of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT).

Methods: This longitudinal observational study was conducted in a single-center setting at the University Children's Hospital of Bern.

Computerized Symbol Digit Modalities Test in a Swiss Pediatric Cohort - Part 2: Clinical Implementation.

Background: Information processing speed (IPS) is a marker for cognitive function. It is associated with neural maturation and increases during development. Traditionally, IPS is measured using paper and pencil tasks requiring fine motor skills.

Evaluation of diagnostic criteria and red flags of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein encephalomyelitis in a clinical routine cohort.

Aims: Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOG-IgG) have been proposed to define "MOG encephalomyelitis" (MOG-EM), with published diagnostic and "red flag" criteria. We aimed to evaluate these criteria in a routine clinical setting.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with borderline/positive MOG-IgG and applied the diagnostic and red flag criteria to determine likelihood of MOG-EM diagnosis.

Findings in susceptibility weighted imaging in pediatric patients with migraine with aura.

Background: Migraine with aura (MwA) in pediatric patients is clinically frequent. Clinically complex symptoms need to be differentiated to exclude mimicking conditions.

Purpose: We hypothesize that MwA in children induces abnormalities readily visible in perfusion time to peak (TTP) maps as well as non-enhanced susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI).

Health-Related Quality of Life in Young Adults Following Pediatric Arterial Ischemic Stroke.

Background and Purpose- Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) is a rare disease leading to long-lasting neurological sequelae. Little is known about the long-term health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of these patients. The study aims to compare HRQoL in young adults who have had pediatric AIS with a healthy control group.

Posterior Arterial Ischemic Stroke in Childhood.

Background and Purpose- Literature on the clinical manifestation and neuroradiological findings in pediatric patients with posterior circulation arterial ischemic stroke is scarce. This study aims to describe epidemiological features, clinical characteristics, and neuroimaging data on pediatric posterior circulation arterial ischemic stroke in Switzerland using the population-based Swiss Neuropediatric Stroke Registry. Methods- Children aged from 1 month to 16 years presenting with an isolated posterior circulation arterial ischemic stroke between 2000 and 2016 were included.

Feasibility, safety, and outcome of recanalization treatment in childhood stroke.

Objective: Intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular therapy (IVT/EVT) are evidence-based treatments for adults with arterial ischemic stroke (AIS). However, randomized controlled trials in pediatric patients are lacking. This study aimed to describe feasibility, safety, and outcome of IVT/EVT in children with AIS.

Systematic review and meta-analysis on outcome differences among patients with TICI2b versus TICI3 reperfusions: success revisited.

Objective: A reperfusion quality of thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI)≥2b has been set as the therapeutic angiography target for interventions in patients with acute ischaemic stroke. This study addresses whether the distinction between TICI2b and TICI3 reperfusions shows a clinically relevant difference on functional outcome.

Methods: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis was carried out and presented in conformity with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses criteria to test the primary hypothesis that TICI2b and TICI3 reperfusions are associated with different rates of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) ≤2 at day 90.

Imaging Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis-Challenges and Recent Advances.

Pediatric onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.07 to 2.9/100'000 children per year.

Perinatal infratentorial haemorrhage: a rare but possibly life-threatening condition.

Background: Perinatal infratentorial haemorrhage (PIH) is a rare birth complication associated with abnormal labour.

Case Presentation: A baby boy was born by vacuum extraction at 41 weeks' gestational age. The pregnancy was uneventful and Apgar scores were 3/6/9.

Decreased oxygen saturation levels in neonates with transposition of great arteries: Impact on appearance of cerebral veins in susceptibility-weighted imaging.

Purpose of this study was to investigate a potential correlation between the pattern of cerebral veins (CV) on susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) and blood oxygen saturation, as well as preoperative brain injury, in neonates with transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Eleven neonates with TGA underwent MRI preoperatively, including SWI, T1- and T2-weighted scans. Images were retrospectively evaluated and appearance of CV was graded from 0 (normal appearance) to 3 (severe prominent appearance).

Behavioral Changes in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

Background: Behavioral changes are common in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), however not as readily recognized as cognitive impairments.

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze behavioral changes and its relation to disease characteristics, disability, and cognitive impairments in patients with MS.

Method: This is a single-center cross-sectional study.

Focal Cerebral Arteriopathy: Do Steroids Improve Outcome?

Background And Purpose: Focal cerebral arteriopathy accounts for up to 35% of arterial ischemic stroke (AIS) in children and is the most important predictor of stroke recurrence. The study objective was to compare outcomes for children with focal cerebral arteriopathy treated with combined corticosteroid antithrombotic treatment (CAT) to those receiving antithrombotic treatment (AT) alone.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective Swiss/Australian cohort study analyzed consecutive children, aged 1 month to 18 years, presenting with first AIS because of a focal cerebral arteriopathy from 2000 to 2014.