A histological survey of green fluorescent protein expression in 'green' mice: implications for stem cell research.

Aims: The transgenic enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expressing 'green' mouse (C57BL/6-TgN(ACTbEGFP)1Osb) is a widely used tool in stem cell research, where the ubiquitous nature of EGFP expression is critical to track the fate of single or small groups of transplanted haematopoietic stem cells (HSC). Our aim was to investigate this assumed ubiquitous expression by performing a detailed histological survey of EGFP expression in these mice.

Methods: Fluorescent microscopy of frozen tissue sections was used to perform a detailed histological survey of the pattern of EGFP expression in these mice.

Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia in association with intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas: implications for disease progression and recurrence.

The development of pancreatic cancer (PC) several years after curative resection for noninvasive intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN) and the presence of PC distant from IPMN suggest that PC may develop independently of the IPMN. Here, we identified pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) lesions, the putative precursors of PC, in the ducts of pancreata resected for IPMN and assessed the frequency of molecular aberrations common to PanIN and PC, within these lesions. The protein expression of p53, p21(WAF1/CIP1), cyclin D1, p16(INK4A) and DPC4/Smad4 were examined by immunohistochemistry in 267 PanIN lesions from a cohort of 23 patients with IPMN.

An illustrated consensus on the classification of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms.

Invasive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is an almost uniformly fatal disease. Several distinct noninvasive precursor lesions can give rise to invasive adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, and the prevention, detection, and treatment of these noninvasive lesions offers the potential to cure early pancreatic cancers. Noninvasive precursors of invasive ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas include pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias (PanINs), intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs), and mucinous cystic neoplasms.

Autopsy findings in a series of five cases of fetomaternal haemorrhages.

Aims: Fetal blood cells enter the maternal circulation in up to 95% of pregnancies, but usually in minute volumes. Haemodynamically significant fetomaternal haemorrhage (FMH) is a much rarer event reported in approximately 1 in 2800 pregnancies. Most of the literature on this phenomenon emphasises the clinical aspects, and there is no comprehensive description of the autopsy findings.

Molecular pathogenesis of precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Precursor lesions are assuming greater importance in the study of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. As pancreatic cancer is almost universally fatal due to late clinical presentation and biological aggressiveness, characterisation of its precursor lesions may create scope for early diagnosis and improved outcome with conventional therapies as well as the development of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) and intraductal papillary mucinous tumours (IPMTs) are thought to be precursor lesions of ductal adenocarcinoma of the pancreas.

Target-seeking behavior of plasma glucose with exercise in type 1 diabetes.

Objective: To investigate the reproducibility of the plasma glucose (PG) response to exercise in subjects with type 1 diabetes on a nonintensive insulin regimen.

Research Design And Methods: Subjects cycled for 45 min at 50% VO(2max) on two occasions (studies 1 and 2) either 1 h after lunch and usual insulin (protocol A) or after overnight fasting without morning insulin (protocol B). Identical diet, activity, and insulin (twice daily neutral and intermediate) were maintained before and during each study day.

DPC4/Smad4 expression and outcome in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Purpose: Prognostic indicators in pancreatic cancer (PC) are poorly defined and difficult to quantify preoperatively, hence they may lead to inappropriate patient selection for treatment. We examined the protein expression of key cell-cycle regulatory and cell-signaling molecules that occur at high frequency in PC and assessed their relationship to clinicopathologic parameters, response to operative resection, and outcome.

Patients And Methods: We identified 348 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and assessed the influence of reported clinicopathologic prognostic factors and the expression of the cell-cycle regulatory genes p21(WAF1/CIP1) (CDKN1A), cyclin D1 (CCND1), p53, and p16(INK4A) (CDKN2) and the cell-signaling molecule DPC4/Smad4 (MADH4) using immunohistochemistry in a subgroup of 129 patients.

Tumoural calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease presenting clinically as a malignant soft tissue mass diagnosed on fine needle aspiration biopsy.

Tumoural calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition is a rare manifestation of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD). We present the case of a 75-year-old male with a previously resected rectal adenocarcinoma who developed a 5-cm right-sided mass at the base of his neck. Clinically and radiologically the lesion was suspicious for malignancy, possibly of metastatic origin.