Influence of preconditioning-like hypoxia on the liver of developing methyl-deficient rats.

Deficiency in nutritional determinants of homocysteine (HCY) metabolism, such as vitamin B(12) and folate, during pregnancy is known to influence HCY levels in the progeny, which in turn may exert adverse effects during development, including liver defects. Since short hypoxia has been shown to induce tolerance to subsequent stress in various cells including hepatocytes, and as vitamins B deficiency and hypoxic episodes may simultaneously occur in neonates, we aimed to investigate the influence of brief postnatal hypoxia (100% N(2) for 5 min) on the liver of rat pups born from dams fed a deficient regimen, i.e.

Effects of a new perfluorocarbon emulsion on human plasma and whole-blood viscosity in the presence of albumin, hydroxyethyl starch, or modified fluid gelatin: an in vitro rheologic approach.

Background: Artificial oxygen carriers such as perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions have reached Phase III clinical trials as alternatives to homologous blood, but their rheologic effects have not been characterized. In this study, the rheologic effects of PFC emulsion in the presence of clinically used volume expanders were investigated.

Study Design And Methods: The effects of a new PFC emulsion (small droplet size with narrow size distribution) at two PFC concentrations (4 and 8 g/dL) on plasma and whole-blood viscosity in the presence of human albumin solution (HAS), hydroxyethyl starch (HES), or modified fluid gelatin (MFG) were investigated.

Resuscitation of severe but brief haemorrhagic shock with PFC in rabbits restores skeletal muscle oxygen delivery and does not alter skeletal muscle metabolism.

Studies have demonstrated that perfluorocarbon (PFC) emulsions associated with hyperoxia improved whole body oxygen delivery during resuscitation of acute haemorrhagic shock (HS). Nevertheless the microcirculatory effects of PFC and the potential deleterious effects of hyperoxic reperfusion are still of concern. We investigated (i) the ability of a newly formulated, small sized and highly stable PFC emulsion to increase skeletal muscle oxygen delivery and (ii) the effect of hyperoxic reperfusion on skeletal muscle metabolism after a brief period of ischaemia using an original, microdialysis-based method that allowed simultaneous measurement tissue oxygen pressure (PtiO2) and interstitial lactate and pyruvate.

Hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier distribution inside vascular wall and arterial pressure evolution: is there a relationship?

The hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOC), like dextran-benzene-tetracarboxylate-hemoglobin (Dex-BTC-Hb), which are present at high concentrations in plasma disturb arterial pressure and induce hypertension. To study if the increase of mean arterial pressure (MAP) is due to the presence of cell-free hemoglobin (Hb) inside abdominal aortic wall, we followed on a model of 50% isovolemic exchange transfusion (IET) in anesthetized guinea pigs, the kinetic of Dex-BTC-Hb distribution inside abdominal aortic wall and we investigated the relationship between arterial pressure modifications and modified Hb distribution. The administration of Dex-BTC-Hb induced instantaneously an increase of MAP that reached its maximum (53% of hypertension from baseline) at 17 min after the end of the IET and was maintained maximally up to 30 min.