Enantiocomplementary Bioreduction of 1-(Arylsulfanyl)propan-2-ones.

This study explored the enantiocomplementary bioreduction of substituted 1-(arylsulfanyl)propan-2-ones in batch mode using four wild-type yeast strains and two different recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases from and The selected yeast strains and recombinant alcohol dehydrogenases as whole-cell biocatalysts resulted in the corresponding 1-(arylsulfanyl)propan-2-ols with moderate to excellent conversions (60-99%) and high selectivities (ee > 95%). The best bioreductions-in terms of conversion (>90%) and enantiomeric excess (>99% ee)-at preparative scale resulted in the expected chiral alcohols with similar conversion and selectivity to the screening reactions.

Generation, Transfer, and Loss of Alternative Oxidase Paralogues in the Family.

Alternative oxidase (Aox) is a terminal oxidase operating in branched electron transport. The activity correlates positively with overflow metabolisms in certain , converting intracellular glucose by the shortest possible path into organic acids, like citrate or itaconate. Aox is nearly ubiquitous in fungi, but gene multiplicity is rare.

Manganese(II) ions suppress the transcription of the citrate exporter encoding gene in .

is an important filamentous fungus used for the industrial production of citric acid. One of the most important factors that affect citric acid production is the concentration of manganese(II) ions present in the culture broth. Under manganese(II)-limiting conditions, the fungus develops a pellet-like morphology that is crucial for high citric acid accumulation.

Are Basic Substances a Key to Sustainable Pest and Disease Management in Agriculture? An Open Field Perspective.

Pathogens and pests constantly challenge food security and safety worldwide. The use of plant protection products to manage them raises concerns related to human health, the environment, and economic costs. Basic substances are active, non-toxic compounds that are not predominantly used as plant protection products but hold potential in crop protection.

Hybrid Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases.

Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms.

Evaluation of the effects of Lake Hévíz sulfur thermal water on skin microbiome in plaque psoriasis: An open label, pilot study.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is associated with changes in skin microbiome. The aim of this study was to evaluate how Lake Hévíz sulfur thermal water influences the composition of microbial communities that colonizes skin in patients with psoriasis.

The Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Hungarian Grapevines, Part II, Grapevine Stimulation.

In the first part of this two-piece publication, the isolation, identification and in vitro characterization of ten endophytic isolates were reported. Here we report the ability of two different mixes of some of these isolates ( and as well as of and ) to colonize and stimulate the growth of grapevines. Two commercial vineyards about 400 km away from the site of isolation were used as experimental fields, from which the strains of three species were re-isolated up to four years after rootstock soaking treatment with conidiospores, performed before planting.

The Biocontrol Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Hungarian Grapevines. Part I. Isolation, Identification and In Vitro Studies.

This paper reports on the identification and in vitro characterization of several strains isolated from the Tokaj Wine Region in North-East Hungary. Ten isolates were analyzed and found to consist of six individual species-, , , , and  . The growth potential of the strains was assessed at a range of temperatures.

The effects of external Mn concentration on hyphal morphology and citric acid production are mediated primarily by the NRAMP-family transporter DmtA in Aspergillus niger.

Background: Citric acid, a commodity product of industrial biotechnology, is produced by fermentation of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus niger. A requirement for high-yield citric acid production is keeping the concentration of Mn ions in the medium at or below 5 µg L. Understanding manganese metabolism in A.

Manganese Deficiency Is Required for High Itaconic Acid Production From D-Xylose in .

Itaconic acid is used as a bio-based, renewable building block in the polymer industry. It is produced by submerged fermentations of the filamentous fungus from molasses or starch, but research over the efficient utilization of non-food, lignocellulosic plant biomass is soaring. The objective of this study was to test whether the application of two key cultivation parameters for obtaining itaconic acid from D-glucose in high yields - Mn ion deficiency and high concentration of the carbon source - would also occur on D-xylose, the principal monomer of lignocellulose.

diversity and pathogenicity revealed from a broad survey of grapevine diseases in Europe.

Species of are considered important plant pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes on a wide range of plant hosts. Several species are well-known on grapevines, either as agents of pre- or post-harvest infections, including Phomopsis cane and leaf spot, cane bleaching, swelling arm and trunk cankers. In this study we explore the occurrence, diversity and pathogenicity of spp.

High oxygen tension increases itaconic acid accumulation, glucose consumption, and the expression and activity of alternative oxidase in Aspergillus terreus.

Itaconic acid is a five-carbon dicarboxylic acid with an unsaturated alkene bond, frequently used as a building block for the industrial production of a variety of synthetic polymers. It is also one of the major products of fungal "overflow metabolism" which can be produced in submerged fermentations of the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus. At the present, molar yields of itaconate are lower than those obtained in citric acid production in Aspergillus niger.

Identification of a mutarotase gene involved in D-galactose utilization in Aspergillus nidulans.

Aldose 1-epimerases or mutarotases (EC 5.1.3.

Comparative genomics reveals high biological diversity and specific adaptations in the industrially and medically important fungal genus Aspergillus.

Background: The fungal genus Aspergillus is of critical importance to humankind. Species include those with industrial applications, important pathogens of humans, animals and crops, a source of potent carcinogenic contaminants of food, and an important genetic model. The genome sequences of eight aspergilli have already been explored to investigate aspects of fungal biology, raising questions about evolution and specialization within this genus.

High cell density cultivation of the chemolithoautotrophic bacterium Nitrosomonas europaea.

Nitrosomonas europaea is a chemolithoautotrophic nitrifier, a gram-negative bacterium that can obtain all energy required for growth from the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite, and this may be beneficial for various biotechnological and environmental applications. However, compared to other bacteria, growth of ammonia oxidizing bacteria is very slow. A prerequisite to produce high cell density N.

A deficiency of manganese ions in the presence of high sugar concentrations is the critical parameter for achieving high yields of itaconic acid by Aspergillus terreus.

Itaconic acid (IA), an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with a high potential as a platform for chemicals derived from sugars, is industrially produced by large-scale submerged fermentation by Aspergillus terreus. Although the biochemical pathway and the physiology leading to IA is almost the same as that leading to citric acid production in Aspergillus niger, published data for the volumetric (g L(-1)) and the specific yield (mol/mol carbon source) of IA are significantly lower than for citric acid. Citric acid is known to accumulate to high levels only when a number of nutritional parameters are carefully adjusted, of which the concentration of the carbon source and that of manganese ions in the medium are particularly important.

The VELVET A orthologue VEL1 of Trichoderma reesei regulates fungal development and is essential for cellulase gene expression.

Trichoderma reesei is the industrial producer of cellulases and hemicellulases for biorefinery processes. Their expression is obligatorily dependent on the function of the protein methyltransferase LAE1. The Aspergillus nidulans orthologue of LAE1--LaeA--is part of the VELVET protein complex consisting of LaeA, VeA and VelB that regulates secondary metabolism and sexual as well as asexual reproduction.

Extra- and intracellular lactose catabolism in Penicillium chrysogenum: phylogenetic and expression analysis of the putative permease and hydrolase genes.

Penicillium chrysogenum is used as an industrial producer of penicillin. We investigated its catabolism of lactose, an abundant component of whey used in penicillin fermentation, comparing the type strain NRRL 1951 with the high producing strain AS-P-78. Both strains grew similarly on lactose as the sole carbon source under batch conditions, exhibiting almost identical time profiles of sugar depletion.