Pharmacogenomic biomarker information differences between drug labels in the United States and Hungary: implementation from medical practitioner view.

Pharmacogenomic biomarker availability of Hungarian Summaries of Product Characteristics (SmPC) was assembled and compared with the information in US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) drug labels of the same active substance (July 2019). The level of action of these biomarkers was assessed from The Pharmacogenomics Knowledgebase database. From the identified 264 FDA approved drugs with pharmacogenomic biomarkers in drug label, 195 are available in Hungary.

[Risk adjusted capitation is the basis for general practitioners' renumeration].

The health care renumeration poses a great challenge for both politicians and policymakers. During the beginning of the 1990s, following the end of communism in Hungary, the reform of health care began with the introduction of the primary health care (PHC), specifically with general practitioner (GPP)/family medicine (FM) care. The basis of the renumeration was the age-adjusted capitation built upon the free choice of doctors, while social security renumeration was built on a mixed system.

[One-year persistence of fixed-dose combinations of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium channel blocker in hypertensive patients].

Introduction: The most recent European guidelines for the treatment of hypertension suggest the use of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system antagonists (RAAS inhibitors) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) or diuretics fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) as the first therapeutic option. In antihypertensive therapy, the patient's adherence is one of the most important factors in reducing unwanted cardiovascular events.

Aim: Our aim was to assess the one-year persistence of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) and CCB FDCs in hypertensive patients.

[A model, by making common task force out of scientific organisation, the academic sector and governmental institute, was realised in Hungary to support the specific family physician training and to implement research and development projects in the primary healthcare. Part I].

It is internationally recognized that the best method for practicing general medical care is family medicine, based on the correct relationship between the physician and the patients/families, where the principles of disease prevention and patient care meet, and the cost-benefit rates are better. In Hungary, a major part of the health reform had been the advancement of a primary care system by the international standards of modern family medicine. The Scientific Association of the Hungarian General Practitioners (SAHGP), founded in 1967, has adviced - from its onset - to introduce a new, independent medical specialty named 'general practice' which was finally realised in 1974.

[Adverse effects of long-term proton-pump inhibitor therapy on adults].

In the last few decades, proton-pump inhibitors have become the mainstay of the treatment of acid-related disorders. Despite their efficacy, these drugs are not without risks. Recently several articles have been published on their long-term adverse effects.

CYP2C9 and VKORC1 in therapeutic dosing and safety of acenocoumarol treatment: implication for clinical practice in Hungary.

The purpose of this work was to investigate the contribution of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 to acenocoumarol (AC) dose variability, bleeding events in Hungary. The study recruited 117 patients on long-term AC therapy (INR 2-3), and 510 healthy individuals to model the findings. Patients were genotyped for alleles proved to affect lower AC overdose CYP2C9*2, CYP2C9*3, VKORC1*2.

[The role of primary care professionals in preventive activitites during epidemics. Focus group assessment of the management of flu pandemic in 2009/2010].

Introduction: The experiences gained during the H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009/2010 could serve for a better planning and management of later outbreaks.

Aim: The EU-sponsored TELL ME project aimed to provide evidence and develop models for improved risk communication during infectious disease crisis. Among its objectives was to develop original communication strategies regarding appropriate messages related to preventative behavior and advice based on uncertainties also addressing vaccine-resistant groups.

Role of health care professionals in preventative activities and vaccination programs during outbreaks.

Purpose: The general purpose of TELL ME study was to give an insight into the experiences of European family physicians with management of H1N1 pandemic flu.

Methods: Qualitative research methods (focus group discussions, one-to-one interviews, and online data collection) were used to explore family doctors' opinion and suggestions. Overall 158 family physicians took part in the study from six European countries.

[Palliative care in non-cancer, chronic, progressive diseases].

Malignant and other chronic diseases cause the death of 2.5 million people in Europe annually. It is anticipated that this number will grow due to the aging of the European population.

Perceptions of quality in primary health care: perspectives of patients and professionals based on focus group discussions.

Background: The EUprimecare project-team assessed the perception of primary health care (PHC) professionals and patients on quality of organization of PHC systems in the participating countries: Estonia, Finland, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Lithuania and Spain. This article presents the aggregated opinions, expectations and priorities of patients and professionals along some main dimensions of quality in primary health care, such as access, equity, appropriateness and patient- centeredness.

Methods: The focus group technique was applied in the study as a qualitative research method for exploration of attitudes regarding the health care system and health service.

[The significance of early diagnosis of cancer-related hypercalcaemia].

Cancer-related hypercalcaemia is one of the most common life-threatening metabolic disorders. It occurs in 20% to 30% of patients with cancer during the course of the disease, which depends on tumour type, too. There are two types of cancer-related hypercalcemia: humoral hypercalcemia and local osteolytic hypercalcaemia.

Prevalence of undiagnosed abnormal glucose tolerance in adult patients cared for by general practitioners in Hungary. Results of a risk-stratified screening based on FINDRISC questionnaire.

Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rapidly increasing, worldwide and also in Hungary. Timely diagnosis and early treatment could be aided by targeted screening. Recognizing this, the Hungarian Diabetes Association initiated a risk-stratified screening with the involvement of primary care physicians.

The effect of sulphurous water in patients with osteoarthritis of hand. Double-blind, randomized, controlled follow-up study.

The aim of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of sulphurous water in patients with osteoarthritis of the hand. Forty-seven patients with osteoarthritis of the hand were enrolled into the double-blind, randomized, controlled study, satisfying ACR criteria. One group of the patients (n = 24) received balneotherapy, bathing in sulphurous thermal water for 20 min per occasion, 15 times in all during a period of 3 weeks.

Correlations between prescription of anti-hypertensive medication and mortality due to stroke.

Background: One of the most important risk factors for stroke is hypertension. A number of studies have attempted to identify the most effective anti-hypertensive therapeutic group for stroke prevention. Using an epidemiologic approach we aimed to find correlations based on Hungarian data on stroke-mortality and on prescription routine of anti-hypertensive therapeutics in three different counties, showing significant difference in stroke mortality.

Recurrent arterial thrombosis associated with the antithrombin basel variant and elevated lipoprotein(a) plasma level in an adolescent patient.

Both myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke are rare in the young. Yet a 15-year-old male patient suffered a myocardial infarction and later an ischemic stroke despite uninterrupted antiplatelet therapy. His medical history involved the surgical correction of an incomplete atrioventricular canal defect at the age of 13 years.

Effect of glutathione-S-transferase M1 and T1 allelic polymorphisms on HPV-induced cervical precancer formation.

Aim: The effect of GSTM1 and GSTT1 allelic polymorphisms was studied on the HPV-induced cervical carcinogenesis.

Patients And Methods: Two hundred and fifty-three women with persistent high-risk HPV infection were involved in the study; 117 of them developed cervical high-grade dysplasia and/or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade III during the 7-year follow-up period. Occurrence of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes was compared between women with and without dysplasia.

Continued improvement of cardiovascular mortality in Hungary--impact of increased cardio-metabolic prescriptions.

Background: During the last 35 years the poor ranking of Hungary on the list of life expectancy at birth among European countries, has not changed. In 1970 our lag behind the leading European countries was the smallest. The gap was growing between 1970 and 1993 but from 1994 onwards the life expectancy at birth in Hungary has increased continuously and somewhat faster than in other European countries.

Determinants of health-promoting lifestyle behaviour in the rural areas of Hungary.

Today chronic non-communicable diseases are the major cause of death and disability worldwide. Chronic diseases are determined by common risk factors (e.g.

The effect of balneotherapy on C-reactive protein, serum cholesterol, triglyceride, total antioxidant status and HSP-60 levels.

An increasing body of evidence substantiating the effectiveness of balneotherapy has accumulated during recent decades. In the present study, 42 ambulatory patients (23 males and 19 females, mean age 59.5 years) with degenerative musculoskeletal disease were randomised into one of two groups-bathing in tap water or in mineral water at the same temperature-and subjected to 30-min balneotherapy sessions on 15 occasions.

Toll-like receptors: link between "danger" ligands and plaque instability.

Myocardial infarction and stroke are exaggerated by rupture of atherosclerotic lesions. Rupture-sensitive plaques have a specific composition which renders them vulnerable, but additional factors (acute infection, higher sympathetic activity, excessive increase of blood pressure or exposure to a variety of drugs) are needed to set off the event. Toll-like receptors are important components of the innate and adaptive immune system and seem to be a potential link between inflammation, infectious disease and atherosclerosis.

Aggregation of cyclodextrins as an important factor to determine their complexation behavior.

Here, we report a study on the complexation behavior of carotenoids with cyclodextrins (CDs) using solubility experiments and molecular-modelling methods. Carotenoids are an important group of naturally occurring dyes found in vegetables and fruits. Their antioxidant property has initiated investigations on their possible use as drugs.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome estimated by International Diabetes Federation criteria in a Hungarian population.

Aims: In recent years, metabolic syndrome (MS) became a distinct pathological entity. MS is positively associated with cardiovascular mortality. The prevalence of MS is high and a continuing increase is expected.

[Roma colonies in Hungary--medical care of children and hygienic conditions].

Introduction: The hygienic conditions and the public health safety of the Hungarian Roma living in colonies are poorly known, the health care of Romany children is often subject to criticism.

Aim: The authors aim was to identify the blank areas present in public health and to analyze the medical care of children living in Gipsy colonies.

Methods: Medical care of children living in Gipsy colonies in Hungary and the hygienic situation of these colonies have been analyzed.