[ISSUES OF ROUTING PATIENTS WITH AUTOIMMUNE HEPATITIS].

Autoimmune hepatitis is a chronic, immune-mediated liver disease characterized by an increased level of immunoglobulins G and/or gamma globulins, the presence of autoantibodies and a typical histological picture. Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis causes difficulties due to various variants of the course, wide variability of the clinical picture, which leads to a large number of missed cases of the disease. Treatment of аutoimmune hepatitis is aimed at reducing the activity of an inadequate response of the immune system against cells of its own body and achieving complete remission of the disease.

Prior abdominal surgery as a potential risk factor for colonic diverticulosis or diverticulitis.

Background: Abnormal colonic pressure profiles have been associated with an increased risk of colonic diverticulosis. A surgical history is a known risk factor for abdominal adhesions and these may lead to increased intraluminal colonic pressure.

Aim: To assess whether previous abdominal surgery is associated with colonic diverticulosis or diverticulitis.

[Assessment of the possible impact of hepatitis viruses on the development and course of autoimmune liver diseases].

Background: Despite the well-studied pathogenesis, the etiology of autoimmune liver disease (AILD) remains unknown.

Aim: To determine the significance of hepatitis A, B, C and E viruses in the development and progression of AILD.

Materials And Methods: A single-center case-control study included 139 patients with AILD: autoimmune hepatitis - AIH (=46), primary biliary cholangitis - PBS (=74), primary sclerosing cholangitis - PSC (=19).

Diagnostic value of screening methods for the determination of antinuclear antibodies using indirect immunofluorescence on HEp-2 cells and enzyme immunoassay in autoimmune liver diseases.

Antinuclear antibodies (ANA) are a heterogeneous group of autoantibodies that react with various components of the cell nucleus and cytoplasm. ANA is the main serological marker for autoimmune liver disease (AILD). The aim of the study was to compare the diagnostic value of two methods of screening for the determination of ANA (indirect immunofluorescence reaction on HEp-2 cells (IIF -HEp-2) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of AILD patients.

May Previous Hepatitis B Virus Infection Be Involved in Etiology and Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Liver Diseases?

Introduction: Viral infections, especially with hepatotropic viruses, may trigger autoimmune liver diseases (AILDs) and deteriorate their course. However, association of previous hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection (presence of anti-HBc with or without anti-HBs or HBV DNA in serum) with AILDs is poorly studied so far. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of previous hepatitis B virus infection markers and its clinical significance in patients with autoimmune liver diseases.

[Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus: issues of the liver fibrosis diagnostics].

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of liver fibrosis progression to stage 34 among patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), type 2 diabetes and obesity, to identify predictors of severe liver fibrosis, to propose an algorithm for diagnosing fibrosis in this category of patients.

Materials And Methods: 160 patients with NAFLD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity and 50 patients with NAFLD without diabetes were comprehensively examined. Patients underwent laboratory examination (clinical blood test, biochemical analysis, immunoglobulins G, M, autoantibody assay, coagulogram), liver ultrasound.

[Сlinical, immunological and morphological features in different types of autoimmune hepatitis].

Unlabelled: Due to the absence of the pathognomonic diagnostic criteria and to the diversity of clinical, serological and morphological manifestations, the diagnostic of the autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) remains to be a difficult task, which might lead to the delay of the timely beginning of the immunosuppressive therapy (IST), which in turn affects the disease outcomes.

Aim: To studying the clinical, biochemical, immunological and morphological markers in patients with seronegative (SN) and seropositive (SP) AIH and the qualities of their response to the IST.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 82 AIH patients over the course of the years 20142019.

Important problems in the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (based on the Russian consensus on diagnosis and treatment autoimmune hepatitis. Moscow, 2018).

The article is published based on the results of the Russian Consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), discussed at the 44th annual Scientific Session of the CNIIG "Personalized Medicine in the Era of Standards" (March 1, 2018). The aim of the review is to highlight the current issues of classification of diagnosis and treatment of patients with PSC, which causes the greatest interest of specialists. The urgency of the problem is determined by the multivariate nature of the clinical manifestations, by often asymptomatic flow, severe prognosis, complexity of diagnosis and insufficient study of PSC, the natural course of which in some cases can be considered as a function with many variables in terms of the nature and speed of progression with numerous possible clinical outcomes.

Hepatic decompensation associated with an interferon-free antiviral therapy in patients with HCV-cirrhosis.

Today, there is no complete clarity about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the hepatic decompensation in patients with HCV-cirrhosis during the course of direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) therapy. The current article describes several clinical observations of decompensation (with the development of liver failure and portal hypertension) in cirrhotic patients during the course of DAAs-therapy of hepatitis C. The authors present contemporary views and their own assumptions about the possible mechanisms of the hepatic decompensation associated with DAAs-therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

Important problems in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune hepatitis (based on the Russian consensus 2017).

The analysis of publications devoted to the Russian Consensus on the Diagnostic and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis (AIH), which was considered at the 43rd annual Scientific Session of the CNIIG From Traditions to Innovation (March 4, 2017) is carried out. The presence of clear algorithms and recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of AIH significantly help the doctor in real clinical practice, but do not exclude a personified approach to the patient.

[Hepatic decompensation associated with an interferon-free antiviral therapy in patients with HCV-cirrhosis].

Today, there is no complete clarity about the pathogenetic mechanisms of the hepatic decompensation in patients with HCV-cirrhosis during the course of direct-acting antiviral (DAAs) therapy. The current article describes several clinical observations of decompensation (with the development of liver failure and portal hypertension) in cirrhotic patients during the course of DAAs-therapy of hepatitis C. The authors present contemporary views and their own assumptions about the possible mechanisms of the hepatic decompensation associated with DAAs-therapy in patients with liver cirrhosis.

[Diabetes mellitus and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The verges of contingency].

Aim: To estimate the incidence of hepatic steatosis (HS) and liver fibrosis (LF) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), by applying the noninvasive techniques of liver fibroelastometry (LFE) and a battery of fibrotests (FTs); to determine their diagnostic value and to identify factors influencing the development of LF.

Subjects And Methods: A comprehensive examination was made in 82 diabetic patients (mean age, 56.7±12.

[A new non-invasive method for assessing steatosis in chronic liver diseases].

Aim: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) to determine the grade of hepatic steatosis (HS) in patients with chronic liver diseases (CLD) of different etiologies and to compare the obtained results with morphological findings.

Materials And Methods: A total of 45 patients (18 men and 27 women) aged 25 to 73 years with CLD were examined. All the patients underwent liver puncture biopsy for assessing the HS index and fibrosis stage, as well as determination of hepatic elasticity (F, kPa) for estimating the stage of fibrosis and the grade of HS by CAP (S, dB/m) using a FibroScan device.

Characterization of mouse Dach2, a homologue of Drosophila dachshund.

The Drosophila genes eyeless, eyes absent, sine oculis and dachshund cooperate as components of a network to control retinal determination. Vertebrate homologues of these genes have been identified and implicated in the control of cell fate. We present the cloning and characterization of mouse Dach2, a homologue of dachshund.

Dach1 mutant mice bear no gross abnormalities in eye, limb, and brain development and exhibit postnatal lethality.

Drosophila dachshund is necessary and sufficient for compound eye development and is required for normal leg and brain development. A mouse homologue of dachshund, Dach1, is expressed in the developing retina and limbs, suggesting functional conservation of this gene. We have generated a loss-of-function mutation in Dach1 that results in the abrogation of the wild-type RNA and protein expression pattern in embryos.