Influence of surface texturing and coatings on mechanical properties and integration with bone tissue: an in silico study.

Introduction: This investigation delves into the mechanical behaviour of titanium dental implants, a preferred choice for tooth replacement due to their superior reliability over alternative materials. The phenomenon of implant loosening, frequently induced by masticatory activities, underscores the significance of surface modification or texturing to bolster the interaction between the implant and bone tissue. This research comprehensively examines the effects of four distinct surface texturing techniques and five varied bone quality conditions on the biomechanical performance of these implants.

Design and evaluation of mechanical strength of multi-material polymeric implants for mandibular reconstruction.

Reconstruction of mandible implants to address segmental abnormalities is still a challenging task, both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanical strength of the materials used is a critical factor that determines how well bone is regenerated. The reconstruction technique of mandibular abnormalities widely uses polymeric implants.

Effects of trimline cut in ankle foot orthosis: An experimental and finite element analysis.

An Ankle-foot orthosis (AFO) is a structure that spans from the lower leg to the foot and controls ankle joint movement. It prevents or assists the human body's lower leg and foot in replicating a normal human gait. The purpose of AFO is to achieve a stable gait by controlling the musculoskeletal system adequately.

Drug Burden Index Is a Modifiable Predictor of 30-Day Hospitalization in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With Complex Care Needs: Machine Learning Analysis of InterRAI Data.

Background: Older adults (≥65 years) account for a disproportionately high proportion of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality, some of which may be avoidable. Although machine learning (ML) models have already been built and validated for predicting hospitalization and mortality, there remains a significant need to optimize ML models further. Accurately predicting hospitalization may tremendously affect the clinical care of older adults as preventative measures can be implemented to improve clinical outcomes for the patient.

Finite Element Analysis Comparing the Biomechanical Parameters in Multilevel Posterior Cervical Instrumentation Model Involving Lateral Mass Screw versus Transpedicular Screw Fixation at the C7 Vertebra.

Study Design: Basic research.

Purpose: This finite element (FE) analysis (FEA) aimed to compare the biomechanical parameters in multilevel posterior cervical fixation with the C7 vertebra instrumented by two techniques: lateral mass screw (LMS) vs. transpedicular screw (TPS).

Evaluating the effect of functionally graded materials on bone remodeling around dental implants.

Objectives: This study evaluates the potential for osseointegration and remodeling of customized dental implants made from Titanium-Hydroxyapatite Functionally Graded Material (Ti-HAP FGM) with optimized geometry, using the finite element method (FEM).

Methods: The study utilized CT scan images to model and assemble various geometrical designs of dental implants in a mandibular slice. The mechanical properties of Ti-HAP FGMs were computed by varying volume fractions (VF) of hydroxyapatite (0-20%), and a bone remodeling algorithm was used to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of the ultimate bone configuration in the peri-implant tissue.

Biomechanical reinforcement by CAD-CAM materials affects stress distributions of posterior composite bridges: 3D finite element analysis.

Objectives: This 3D finite element analysis study aimed to investigate the effect of reinforcing CAD-CAM bars on stress distribution in various components of a posterior composite bridge.

Methods: A virtual model mimicking the absence of an upper second premolar was created, featuring class II cavity preparations on the proximal surfaces of the adjacent abutment teeth surrounding the edentulous space. Five distinct finite element analysis (FEA) models were generated, each representing a CAD-CAM reinforcing bar material: 3-YTZP (IPS.

Effect of matrix material property on the composite tibia fracture plate: a biomechanical study.

For the purpose of fixing tibia fractures, composite bone plates are suggested. Metal plates cause stress shielding, lessen the compression force at the fracture site, and have an impact on the healing process because they are significantly more rigid than bone. To prevent excessive shear strain and consequent instability at the fracture site, it is imperative to reduce stiffness in the axial direction without lowering stiffness in the transverse direction.

Design and analysis of multi-material structures of 3D printed implants of mandible.

Significant advances in 3D printing technology have paved the way for improvements in the integrity and biological characteristics of polymer implants. The principal objective of this research is the construction of a heterogeneous implant structure using a multi-material approach and 3D printing. Due to their advantageous strength-to-weight ratio, biocompatible polymers have an increasing application in the field of medicine.

Informatics guided FE design of bioactive titanium alloy/composite multi-layered dental implants.

A dental implant with three distinct layers, of titanium alloy at core, porous titanium alloy at the intermediate layer and titanium alloy hydroxyapatite composite at the outer layer, is designed to achieve low elastic modulus and adequate strength with bioactive surface. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) along with Rule of Mixture (ROM) is used to generate the objective functions for the Genetic Algorithm (GA) based multi-objective optimization for achieving the optimal designs, which are validated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. The composition and processing parameters are correlated with the yield strength and elastic modulus of titanium alloy using ANN.

Application of machine learning approaches in predicting clinical outcomes in older adults - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Machine learning-based prediction models have the potential to have a considerable positive impact on geriatric care.

Design: Systematic review and meta-analyses.

Participants: Older adults (≥ 65 years) in any setting.

Mechanical influence of tissue scaffolding design with different geometries using finite element study.

The mechanical properties of tissue scaffolds are essential in providing stability for tissue repair and growth. Thus, the ability of scaffolds to withstand specific loads is crucial for scaffold design. Most research on scaffold pores focuses on grids with pore size and gradient structure, and many research models are based on scaffolding with vertically arranged holes.

Design of customized coated dental implants using finite element analysis.

Background: Dental implants are used as a traditional technique to replace missing teeth. In the longterm evaluation of dental implants, the stability and durability of the implant-bone interface are crucial. Furthermore, the success of dental implants depends on several factors, such as osseointegration, implant geometry and surface topography.

Biomechanical analysis of the novel S-type dynamic cage by implementation of teaching learning based optimization algorithm - An experimental and finite element study.

Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion (ACDF) is the most popular and effective procedure for patients with intervertebral disc degeneration, where the degenerated disc is replaced with an interbody implant (widely known as cage). The design of the cage plays a vital role since it has to provide stability for the anterior cervical column without any side-effects. We designed a novel S-type dynamic cage for C4-C5 level, using Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) material considering four different shapes namely: square, circle, rectangle and elliptical, for the central window to occupy bone graft.

Design and Development of Tantalum and Strontium Ion Doped Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating on Titanium Substrate: Structural and Human Osteoblast-like Cell Viability Studies.

In order to reduce the loosening of dental implants, surface modification with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has shown promising results. Therefore, in this present study, the sol-gel technique has been employed to form a tantalum and strontium ion-doped hybrid HA layer coating onto the titanium (Ti)-alloy substrate. In this study, the surface modification was completed by using 3% tantalum pent oxide (TaO), 3% strontium (Sr), and a combination of 1.

Biomechanical performance of Ti-PEEK dental implants in bone: An in-silico analysis.

Stress-shielding is caused by a significant mismatch in stiffness between bone tissue and Ti alloy dental implants. Therefore, in this study, a Ti-PEEK composite implant was examined and compared with conventional titanium, to determine the behavior of the host bone. Twelve 3D finite element models were modeled with two conditions of marginal cortical bone (with and without marginal bone loss).

The influence of composite bone plates in Vancouver femur B1 fracture fixation after post-operative, and healed bone stages: A finite element study.

Conventional stainless steel or titanium plates are used for bone fracture fixation to provide support at fracture location. Plates with high elastic modulus reduce the transfer of compressive load at the fracture location (due to stress shielding), causing failure. The objective of the study is to find for composite bone plates with different types of fibers and varied fiber orientations for post-operative (PO) and healed bone (HB) conditions which can reduce the stress shielding.

Design of patient specific basal dental implant using Finite Element method and Artificial Neural Network technique.

The bone conditions of mandibular bone vary from patient to patient, and as a result, a patient-specific dental implant needs to be designed. The basal dental implant is implanted in the cortical region of the bone since the top surface of the bone narrows down because of aging. Taguchi designs of experiments technique are used in which 25 optimum solid models of basal dental implants are modeled with variable geometrical parameters, viz.

Metal and composite bone plates for B1 periprosthetic femoral fracture in healthy and osteoporotic condition: A comparative biomechanical study.

The major concern after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is the incidence of periprosthetic fracture in the weaker bone, which can lead to subsequent revision surgery. Achieving the suitable fixation without affecting the stability of the well-fixed prosthesis remains controversial. Most of the studies examined the behavior of the Periprosthetic Fracture (PF) fixation (Vancouver "B1" type) through computational and experimentation on healthy bone condition with metal plates.

Antimicrobial-associated organ injury among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol.

Introduction: Older adults (aged 65 years and above) constitute the fastest growing population cohort in the western world. There is increasing evidence that the burden of infections disproportionately affects this cohort of older adults and hence this vulnerable population is frequently exposed to antimicrobials. There is currently no systematic review summarising the evidence for risk of organ injury following antimicrobial exposure among older adults.

Inference of tissue relative proportions of the breast epithelial cell types luminal progenitor, basal, and luminal mature.

Single-cell analysis has revolutionised genomic science in recent years. However, due to cost and other practical considerations, single-cell analyses are impossible for studies based on medium or large patient cohorts. For example, a single-cell analysis usually costs thousands of euros for one tissue sample from one volunteer, meaning that typical studies using single-cell analyses are based on very few individuals.

Effect of polyethylene glycol on surface coating of Ta2O5 onto titanium substrate in sol-gel technique.

Purpose: Recently, titanium (Ti) and its alloys have been widely used in dental and surgical implants in the last few decades. However, there is a loosening effect over a long period usage. Therefore, the present study aimed to increase life of an implant by its surface modification.

Risk of antimicrobial-associated organ injury among the older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Older adults (aged 65 years and above) constitute the fastest growing population cohort in the western world. There is increasing evidence that the burden of infections disproportionately affects older adults, and hence this vulnerable population is frequently exposed to antimicrobials. There is currently no systematic review summarising the evidence for organ injury risk among older adults following antimicrobial exposure.

The biomechanical effects of S-type dynamic cage using Ti and PEEK for ACDF surgery on cervical spine varying loads.

Anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF) is the common method to treat the cervical disc degeneration. The most serious problems in the fusion cages are adjacent disc degeneration, loss of lordosis, pain, subsidence, and migration of the cage. The objective of our work is to develop the three-dimensional finite element (FE) model from C3-C6 and virtually implant a designed S-type dynamic cage at C4-C5 segment of the model.

Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel S-Type, Dynamic Zero-Profile Cage Design for Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with Variations in Bone Graft Shape: A Finite Element Analysis.

Background: Variations in cage design, material, and graft shape can affect osteointegration and adjacent segment range of motion (ROM) and stress after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the biomechanical properties of a novel dynamic cervical cage design in both titanium (Ti) and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) with variations in bone graft shape using a single level ACDF (FE) model.

Methods: A 3-dimensional C3-C6 FE model was developed using computed tomography scan data from a healthy male subject.