Fate of multi-residue insecticides and their metabolites in the process of vinification: Analytical method validation, dissipation kinetics, processing factor, and risk assessment.

In viticulture, the use of synthetic chemical formulations introduces insecticide residues into harvested grapes and further into processed grape products, posing a safety concern to consumers. This study investigated the fate of ten insecticide residues and their metabolites from vine to wine. A rapid validated multi-residue approach using QuEChERS extraction and LC-MS/MS configuration was employed for targeted analysis in grape, pomace, and wine.

Method development and validation in the curry leaf matrix employing advanced mass spectrometry: quantitative screening of 490 multiclass pesticides by buffered ethyl acetate technique.

Curry leaf is an evergreen herb with culinary, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications. As pesticide residue in curry leaf has garnered significant regulatory attention in recent years, here we report a reliable method, which was validated for the determination of 265 and 225 pesticides using LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS, respectively. At first, the sample was comminuted after adding water (1:2).

Dissipation kinetics, safety evaluation, and decontamination of residues of the combo-formulation iprovalicarb 8.4% + copper oxychloride 40.6% WG in/on grapes ( L.).

A field experiment was conducted to study the dissipation behavior and decontamination of iprovalicarb and copper oxychloride in grapes. After thorough validation, the analysis was carried out by employing LC-MS/MS for iprovalicarb and AAS for copper oxychloride. The dissipation pattern of residues followed a linear first-order kinetics model for both the test fungicides.

Multi-residue method validation and safety evaluation of pesticide residues in seed spices cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS).

The manuscript reports comprehensive multi-residue determination of 215 pesticides in two commercially important Indian spices, Cumin (Cuminum cyminum) and Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) by GC-MS/MS analysis. The proposed method involved liquid-liquid extraction with acetonitrile, d-SPE clean-up and final reconstitution of extract in ethyl acetate. d-SPE clean-up with PSA and C18 minimized the matrix effects by 40 and 16%, respectively.

Single-Laboratory Validation of a Multi-residue Method for Simultaneous Analysis of Multi-class Pesticides in Turmeric by Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

Background: For years, turmeric has been used in several cuisines worldwide because of its proven health benefits. However, as its cultivation often involves applications of polar and semi-polar pesticides, their residues might cause health hazards to consumers. The dearth of a validated LC-MS/MS method for the residue analysis of these pesticides in turmeric has warranted the present study.

Multiresidue Analysis of Pesticides in Moringa Pods by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS.

Background: Moringa pods are known for their nutritional and health benefits. The cultivation of this crop receives frequent pesticide applications. In the absence of risk assessment data, maximum residue limits of pesticides in this crop are considered at the default level (0.

Residue dissipation, evaluation of processing factor and safety assessment of hexythiazox and bifenazate residues during drying of grape to raisin.

An analytical method for the simultaneous analysis of hexythiazox and bifenazate residues in grape and raisin was validated by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The extraction method involved liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate and dSPE cleanup with primary secondary amine (PSA). The drying of grape to raisin may increase or decrease residues of pesticides.

Analytical method validation, dissipation and safety evaluation of combination fungicides fenamidone + mancozeb and iprovalicarb + propineb in/on tomato.

Dissipation behavior and degradation kinetics of fenamidone + mancozeb (Sectin 60 WG) and iprovalicarb + propineb (Melody Duo 66.75 WP) in tomato were studied at recommended dose (RD) and double dose (DD) of application. The analysis of the field samples were carried out by employing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for fenamidone and iprovalicarb residues and gas chromatography mass spectrometry for mancozeb and propineb residues after thorough validation of the extraction methods.

Targeted screening and safety evaluation of 276 agrochemical residues in raisins using buffered ethyl acetate extraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis.

A buffered ethyl acetate extraction method was optimized and validated in raisin matrix to monitor 276 pesticides by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The final method involved homogenization of raisinsalong with water 1:1 raisins: water followed by extraction using ethyl acetate (10 mL/10 g raisins homogenate in presence of 0.1 mL acetic acid, 0.

Optimization and Validation of a Residue Analysis Method for Glyphosate, Glufosinate, and Their Metabolites in Plant Matrixes by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.

A sensitive and accurate LC with tandem MS (MS/MS)-based method was developed and validated for the analysis of the herbicide glyphosate, its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), and glufosinate after derivatization with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate (FMOC-Cl) in various plant matrixes. The method also covers direct analysis of the glufosinate metabolites 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid (3-MPPA) and N-acetyl-glufosinate (NAG). The homogenized samples were extracted with 0.

Simultaneous analysis of herbicides pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl by LC-MS/MS and safety evaluation of their harvest time residues in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.).

This paper reports a simple and rapid method for simultaneous determination of the residues of selected herbicides viz. pendimethalin, oxyfluorfen, imazethapyr and quizalofop-p-ethyl in peanut by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A modified approach of the QuEChERS methodology was used to extract the herbicides from the peanut kernel without any clean-up.

Dissipation pattern, safety evaluation, and generation of processing factor (PF) for pyraclostrobin and metiram residues in grapes during raisin preparation.

A residue analysis method was validated for trace level estimation of pyraclostrobin by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and metiram (analyzed as CS2) by gas chromatography mass spectrometry in grapes and raisin matrix. Dissipation of their residues and processing factors (PFs) during raisin making were evaluated through field studies with applications at single dose (SD) and double dose (DD). Residue data during drying process were best fitted to first + first-order kinetics model giving half-life ranging between 6 and 7 days for pyroclostrobin and 4 days for metiram.

Residue analysis of fipronil and difenoconazole in okra by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and their food safety evaluation.

A liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) based method is reported for simultaneous analysis of fipronil (plus its metabolites) and difenoconazole residues in okra. The sample preparation method involving extraction with ethyl acetate provided 80-107% recoveries for both the pesticides with precision RSD within 4-17% estimated at the limits of quantification (LOQ, fipronil=1ngg(-1), difenoconazole=5ngg(-1)) and higher fortification levels. In field, both the pesticides dissipated with half-life of 2.

Residue dissipation and processing factor for dimethomorph, famoxadone and cymoxanil during raisin preparation.

A method was validated for the simultaneous analysis of the residues of dimethomorph, famoxadone and cymoxanil in grape and raisin matrix by ethyl acetate based extraction and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Field studies were conducted to evaluate the dissipation rate kinetics and processing factor (PF) for these pesticides during raisin making. Residue data during the drying process were best fitted to 1st+1st order rate kinetics with half-life ranging between 8-9 days for dimethomorph, 12-13 days for famoxadone and 9-10 days for cymoxanil at single dose (SD) and double dose (DD), respectively.

Kinetics of degradation of carbendazim by B. subtilis strains: possibility of in situ detoxification.

Food safety is a global concern due to the increased use of pesticides in agriculture. In grapes, carbendazim is one of the frequently detected fungicides. However, it is amenable to biodegradation.