Modeling the dynamics of leptospirosis in India.

Leptospirosis, a formidable zoonotic threat spawned by Leptospira, plagues tropical and subtropical realms. This study delves deep into tropical Indian states, namely, Kerala, Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu, unraveling the dynamics of leptospirosis through a comprehensive mathematical model that embraces temperature-driven growth rates of Leptospira. Sensitivity analysis and parameter estimation techniques fortified the model's accuracy, unraveling the factors shaping leptospirosis transmission.

Impact of critical eddy diffusivity on seasonal bloom dynamics of Phytoplankton in a global set of aquatic environments.

The intensity of eddy diffusivity and the spatial average of water velocity at the depths of the water column in oceans and lakes play a fundamental role in phytoplankton production and phytoplankton and zooplankton biomass, and community composition. The critical depth and intensity of turbulent mixing within the water column profoundly affect phytoplankton biomass, which depends on the sinking characteristic of planktonic algal species. We propose an Nutrient-Phytoplankton-Zooplankton (NPZ) model in 3D space with light and nutrient-limited growth in a micro-scale ecological study.

Assessment of indigenous Shaka cattle structural indices reared in Shaka zone, south west Ethiopia.

The study encompassed quantitative traits of the Shaka cattle reared in Shaka zone, Anderacha and Masha weredas of south western, Ethiopia. The study covered quantitative parameters which were taken from 240 cows and 120 bulls from randomly slected120 households. The means for the quantitative traits were compared using Duncan's Multiple Range test, the values were considered significant at P < 0.

Effect of productivity and seasonal variation on phytoplankton intermittency in a microscale ecological study using closure approach.

A microscale ecological study using the closure approach to understand the impact of productivity controlled by geographical and seasonal variations on the intermittency of phytoplankton is done in this paper. Using this approach for a nutrient-phytoplankton model with Holling type III functional response, it has been shown how the dynamics of the system can be affected by the environmental fluctuations triggered by the impact of light, temperature, and salinity, which fluctuate with regional and seasonal variations. Reynold's averaging method in space, which results in expressing the original components in terms of its mean (average value) and perturbation (fluctuation) has been used to determine the impact of growth fluctuation in phytoplankton distribution and in the intermittency of phytoplankton spreading (variance).

Delay induced interaction of humoral- and cell-mediated immune responses with cancer.

A mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of the interaction between cancer cells and cell-mediated immune system with two discrete-time delays, considering the role of antibodies, is studied in this paper. The model is analyzed both analytically and numerically to understand the dynamics of interaction delay and proliferation enhancement effect delay in the eradication of cancer. Hopf bifurcation occurs when one-time delay crosses the critical value in the absence of the other.

Modeling the dynamics of COVID-19 pandemic with implementation of intervention strategies.

The ongoing COVID-19 epidemic spread rapidly throughout India, with 34,587,822 confirmed cases and 468,980 deaths as of November 30, 2021. Major behavioral, clinical, and state interventions have implemented to mitigate the outbreak and prevent the persistence of the COVID-19 in human-to-human transmission in India and worldwide. Hence, the mathematical study of the disease transmission becomes essential to illuminate the real nature of the transmission behavior and control of the diseases.

Quality improvement report: setting up a hospital at night service, limitations of bleep filtering and using an electronic task management system.

The 'hospital at night' concept was developed at a joint conference of the London Deanery and Clinical Staff in 2002, as an issue for education and service provision. At the start of the project, our trust had issues with both the structure of the hospital at night handover and the working practices overnight. The vision was to improve team working out of hours, expedite review of sick patients and reorganise care to seek a reduction in bleeps to medical junior doctors overnight in a way that all patients had access to the right person with the right skills for their needs at the right time.

Patient Journey Champions: A project to facilitate delivery of effective board rounds for inpatients, aiding flow through the hospital.

Our quality improvement project was designed to enable delivery of high-quality board rounds across the hospital with a view to improving patient flow. We designed a Patient Journey Champion campaign to enable this. As part of our campaign, we ran sessions with junior doctors.

Economic Analysis of Primary Eye Care Services Provided through Vision Centers in Eastern India.

: Primary eye care services delivered through vision centres (VC) form an essential part of the national blindness control efforts, but systematic data on the outputs and cost of providing such services in India are not readily available for further planning and efficient use of resources.: Detailed cost and output data were collected from written records for 2017-2018 fiscal year using standardized methods at nine VC in Kolkata city in West Bengal, India. The total economic cost for these VC was computed and the relation of unit cost of services per patient screened with VC scale was assessed using regression analysis.

QUALITY IMPROVEMENT: Supporting a hospital in difficulty: -experience of a '-buddying' agreement to implement a new medical pathway.

Increased NHS regulation has identified many healthcare organisations with operational and/or financial difficulties. Although the causes are often complex, most cases are effectively managed internally with limited input from external agencies. How best to support the few organisations needing additional support has not been established.

Influence of multiple delays in brain tumor and immune system interaction with T11 target structure as a potent stimulator.

We present a mathematical model which describes the growth of malignant gliomas in presence of immune responses by considering the role of immunotherapeutic agent T11 target structure (T11TS). The model consider five populations, namely, glioma cells, macrophages, cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, TGF - β and IFN - γ. The model system has highly nonlinear terms with four discrete time lags, but remains tractable.

Mathematical modeling of cancer-immune system, considering the role of antibodies.

A mathematical model for the quantitative analysis of cancer-immune interaction, considering the role of antibodies has been proposed in this paper. The model is based on the clinical evidence, which states that antibodies can directly kill cancerous cells (Ivano et al. in J Clin Investig 119(8):2143-2159, 2009).

Effects of feeding different proportions of silver leaf desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum) with banana (Musa paradisiaca) leaf on nutrient utilization in Horro sheep fed a basal diet of natural grass hay.

Objective: The objective was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, body weight change and carcass characteristics of sheep fed a basal diet of hay supplemented with banana leaves and silver leaf desmodium.

Methods: Thirty yearling lambs with an average initial body weight of 15.85±1.

Quantifying the role of immunotherapeutic drug T11 target structure in progression of malignant gliomas: Mathematical modeling and dynamical perspective.

The paper describes a mathematical model with synergistic interaction between the malignant glioma cells and the immune system, namely, macrophages, activated Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes (CTLs), the immunosuppressive cytokine Transforming Growth Factor - β (TGF-β) and the immuno-stimulatory cytokine Interferon - γ (IFN-γ), using a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). We have introduced a new immunotherapeutic drug T11 Target structure (T11TS) into the model, which boosts the macrophages and CTLs to kill the glioma cells. In our analysis, we have established a criteria for the threshold level of immunotherapeutic drug T11TS for which the system will be gliomas free or tumor free.

Oxidative stress in hypothyroid patients and the role of antioxidant supplementation.

Context: The available data concerning oxidant stress and antioxidant capacity in hypothyroidism are scanty and inconclusive. While some authors suggest that tissues may be protected from oxidant damage because of a hypometabolic state in hypothyroidism, others report increased oxidative stress in hypothyroidism. Selenium acts as a cofactor for the thyroid hormone (TH) deiodinases that activate and then deactivate various THs and their metabolites.

WITHDRAWN:The effect of partial substitution of roasted soybean seed with graded levels of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) leaf meal on growth performances and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens.

Ahead of Print article withdrawn by publisher.

A mathematical model to elucidate brain tumor abrogation by immunotherapy with T11 target structure.

T11 Target structure (T11TS), a membrane glycoprotein isolated from sheep erythrocytes, reverses the immune suppressed state of brain tumor induced animals by boosting the functional status of the immune cells. This study aims at aiding in the design of more efficacious brain tumor therapies with T11 target structure. We propose a mathematical model for brain tumor (glioma) and the immune system interactions, which aims in designing efficacious brain tumor therapy.

A rare case of fibrous histiocytic tumor of the tongue.

Fibrous histiocytoma is a benign soft tissue tumor composed of a mixture of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells arising as a fibrous mass everywhere in the human body. Based on location it is divided into cutaneous type and those involving the deeper tissues. Involvement of the oral cavity is rare.

Modeling the dynamics of hepatitis C virus with combined antiviral drug therapy: interferon and ribavirin.

A mathematical modeling of hepatitis C virus (HCV) dynamics and antiviral therapy has been presented in this paper. The proposed model, which involves four coupled ordinary differential equations, describes the interaction of target cells (hepatocytes), infected cells, infectious virions and non-infectious virions. The model takes into consideration the addition of ribavirin to interferon therapy and explains the dynamics regarding a biphasic and triphasic decline of viral load in the model.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients using first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional comparative group study.

Background: Data on lipid profile abnormalities among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia are very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and characteristics of lipid profiles among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Southern Ethiopia.

Methods: This cross sectional comparative group study was conducted between March and May 2012, and included 113 HIV infected patients treated for a minimum of one year with first-line HAART regimens that included Efavirenz and Nevirapine (HAART group) and others 113 who had never received HAART (pre-HAART group).

Complex behaviour in four species food-web model.

A four-dimensional food-web system consisting of a bottom prey, two middle predators and a generalist predator has been developed with modified functional response. The system is well posed and dissipative. Some results on uniform persistence have been developed.