The Influence of Migration Timing and Local Conditions on Reproductive Timing in Arctic-Breeding Birds.

For birds breeding in the Arctic, nest success is affected by the timing of nest initiation, which is partially determined by local conditions such as snow cover. However, conditions during the non-breeding season can carry over to affect the timing of breeding. We used tracking and breeding data from 248 individuals of 8 species and subspecies of Arctic-breeding shorebirds to estimate how the timing of nest initiation is related to local conditions like snowmelt phenology versus prior conditions, measured by the timing and speed of migration.

A Novel Optometry-Led Decision-Making Community Referral Refinement Scheme for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration Screening.

Background: The prevalence of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) continues to increase. Hospital Eye Services are operating above capacity, innovative solutions to minimise the high proportion of false negative referrals, improve the care pathway and increase capacity for those patients who need ongoing care are essential are essential.

Methods: A two-phase retrospective longitudinal analysis of all patients referred and assessed for nAMD between; April 2019 to March 2020 (Phase 1) n=394, and April 2020 to March 2021 (Phase 2) n= 414, within Swansea Bay University Health Board (SBUHB).

Prenatal stress and gestational epigenetic age: No evidence of associations based on a large prospective multi-cohort study.

Psychological stress during pregnancy is known to have a range of long-lasting negative consequences on the development and health of offspring. Here, we tested whether a measure of prenatal early-life stress was associated with a biomarker of physiological development at birth, namely epigenetic gestational age, using foetal cord-blood DNA-methylation data. Longitudinal cohorts from the Netherlands (Generation R Study [Generation R], n = 1,396), the UK (British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children [ALSPAC], n = 642), and Norway (Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study [MoBa], n1 = 1,212 and n2 = 678) provided data on prenatal maternal stress and genome-wide DNA methylation from cord blood and were meta-analysed (pooled n = 3,928).

Gestational epigenetic age and ADHD symptoms in childhood: a prospective, multi-cohort study.

Epigenetic age acceleration (EAA), defined as the difference between chronological age and epigenetically predicted age, was calculated from multiple gestational epigenetic clocks (Bohlin, EPIC overlap, and Knight) using DNA methylation levels from cord blood in three large population-based birth cohorts: the Generation R Study (The Netherlands), the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (United Kingdom), and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (Norway). We hypothesized that a lower EAA associates prospectively with increased ADHD symptoms. We tested our hypotheses in these three cohorts and meta-analyzed the results (n = 3383).

Primary arthrodesis versus open reduction and internal fixation following intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a weight-bearing CT analysis.

Purpose: To compare primary arthrodesis (PA) versus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures (DIACFs), based on clinical outcome and 2D and 3D geometrical analyses obtained from weight-bearing (WB) cone-beam CT images.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, 40 patients with surgically treated calcaneal fractures were included, consisting of 20 PA and 20 ORIF patients. Weight-bearing cone-beam CT-images of the left and right hindfoot and forefoot were acquired on a Planmed Verity cone-beam CT-scanner after a minimum of 1-year follow-up.

Functional outcome of routine versus on-demand removal of the syndesmotic screw.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to present the mid-term follow-up of a multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT) which compared the functional outcome following routine removal (RR) to the outcome following on-demand removal (ODR) of the syndesmotic screw (SS).

Methods: All patients included in the 'ROutine vs on DEmand removal Of the syndesmotic screw' (RODEO) trial received the Olerud-Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Hindfoot Score (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), and EuroQol five-dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D). Out of the 152 patients, 109 (71.

Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema or Macular Edema Following Retinal Vein Occlusion Based on Repeated Injection of the Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant: A Retrospective Real-World Analysis.

Purpose: To assess the "real world" utility of repeated injection with the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (DEX) in routine practice.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center analysis of consecutive patients with diabetic macular edema, or macular edema following retinal vein occlusion, treated with DEX. None had received prior intravitreal steroid treatment.

Amniotic membrane transplantation: structural and biological properties, tissue preparation, application and clinical indications.

The amniotic membrane is a single epithelial layer of the placenta. It has anti-inflammatory, anti-scarring, anti-angiogenic and possibly bactericidal properties. The basement membrane of the amniotic membrane acts as a substrate to encourage healing and re-epithelialisation.

Spring migration patterns of red knots in the Southeast United States disentangled using automated telemetry.

Red Knots use the Southeast United States as a stopover during north and southbound migration and during the winter. We examined northbound red knot migration routes and timing using an automated telemetry network. Our primary goal was to evaluate the relative use of an Atlantic migratory route through Delaware Bay versus an inland route through the Great Lakes en route to Arctic breeding grounds and to identify areas of apparent stopovers.

Cost-effectiveness of on-demand removal of syndesmotic screws.

Purpose: Syndesmotic screw removal following acute syndesmotic injury is a commonly performed procedure. However, recent studies suggest that the removal does not result in improved patient reported outcome, while the procedure has proved not to be without complications. The aim of this study was to present a health-economic evaluation of on-demand removal (ODR) compared to routine removal (RR) of the syndesmotic screw.

Comparison of Two Main Orthokeratology Lens Designs in Efficacy and Safety for Myopia Control.

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of corneal refractive therapy (CRT) lenses and vision shaping treatment (VST) lenses for myopia control in children.

Methods: Medical records of 1,001 children (2,002 eyes) who had been fitted with orthokeratology lenses for over 1.5 years were retrospectively reviewed.

Long-chain ceramides are cell non-autonomous signals linking lipotoxicity to endoplasmic reticulum stress in skeletal muscle.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) regulates cellular protein and lipid biosynthesis. ER dysfunction leads to protein misfolding and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which limits protein synthesis to prevent cytotoxicity. Chronic ER stress in skeletal muscle is a unifying mechanism linking lipotoxicity to metabolic disease.

The HEV Ventilator: at the interface between particle physics and biomedical engineering.

A high-quality, low-cost ventilator, dubbed HEV, has been developed by the particle physics community working together with biomedical engineers and physicians around the world. The HEV design is suitable for use both in and out of hospital intensive care units, provides a variety of modes and is capable of supporting spontaneous breathing and supplying oxygen-enriched air. An external air supply can be combined with the unit for use in situations where compressed air is not readily available.

Functional outcome and quality of life in surgically treated talar neck and body fractures; how is it affected by complications.

Background: Since talus fractures are rare, study populations are frequently small. The aim of this study is to describe how surgical treatment of talar neck and body fractures and postoperative complications affect functional outcome and quality of life measured by validated questionnaires.

Methods: All patients following surgically treated talar neck and/or body fracture between January 2000 and December 2019 at a level 1 trauma center were included in this retrospective cohort study.

Development of a Pandemic Awareness STEM Outreach Curriculum: Utilizing a Computational Thinking Taxonomy Framework.

Computational thinking is an essential skill in the modern global workforce. The current public health crisis has highlighted the need for students and educators to have a deeper understanding of epidemiology. While existing STEM curricula has addressed these topics in the past, current events present an opportunity for new curricula that can be designed to present epidemiology, the science of public health, as a modern topic for students that embeds the problem-solving and mathematics skills of computational thinking practices authentically.

Functional outcome of routine versus on-demand removal of the syndesmotic screw: a multicentre randomized controlled trial.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate whether on-demand removal (ODR) is noninferior to routine removal (RR) of syndesmotic screws regarding functional outcome.

Methods: Adult patients (aged above 17 years) with traumatic syndesmotic injury, surgically treated within 14 days of trauma using one or two syndesmotic screws, were eligible (n = 490) for inclusion in this randomized controlled noninferiority trial. A total of 197 patients were randomized for either ODR (retaining the syndesmotic screw unless there were complaints warranting removal) or RR (screw removed at eight to 12 weeks after syndesmotic fixation), of whom 152 completed the study.

Crossover comparison of climate-change adaptation measures taken in the Gdansk (Baltic-sea) and Rotterdam (Nord-sea) deltas.

Gdansk in Poland and the Netherlands share a long-term relationship that started with the establishment of Dutch Mennonites in the Vistula delta in the 16 Century. Climate-change figures show that both the Polish Gdansk and DutchRotterdam deltas will suffer flooding due to sea level rise, with accumulating severe rainfall accompanied by high river levels; reasons that led to a comparison of the adaptation measures taken. On the basis of the crossover comparison studied, it can be concluded that Poland and the Netherlands have a virtually identical approach when it comes to climate-change impacts on their current situation.

Brachytherapy in paediatric craniopharyngiomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of recent literature.

Purposes: Brachytherapy has been indicated as an alternative option for treating cystic craniopharyngiomas. Despite the difficulties regarding the complex nuclear infrastructure and consequent small number of brachytherapy studies, recent discoveries relating tumour characteristics to sensitivity to brachytherapy have stimulated this extensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the recent results aiming to summarise its efficacy and complications.

Methods: The systematic review was structured using PRISMA statements.

Altered perivascular fibroblast activity precedes ALS disease onset.

Apart from well-defined factors in neuronal cells, only a few reports consider that the variability of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) progression can depend on less-defined contributions from glia and blood vessels. In this study we use an expression-weighted cell-type enrichment method to infer cell activity in spinal cord samples from patients with sporadic ALS and mouse models of this disease. Here we report that patients with sporadic ALS present cell activity patterns consistent with two mouse models in which enrichments of vascular cell genes preceded microglial response.

Wound infection following implant removal of foot, ankle, lower leg or patella; a protocol for a multicenter randomized controlled trial investigating the (cost-)effectiveness of 2 g of prophylactic cefazolin compared to placebo (WIFI-2 trial).

Background: Elective implant removal (IR) after fracture fixation is one of the most common procedures within (orthopedic) trauma surgery. The rate of surgical site infections (SSIs) in this procedure is quite high, especially below the level of the knee. Antibiotic prophylaxis is not routinely prescribed, even though it has proved to lower SSI rates in other (orthopedic) trauma surgical procedures.

Surgical Site Infections After Routine Syndesmotic Screw Removal: A Systematic Review.

Objectives: To investigate the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs) after routine removal of syndesmotic screws (SSs) placed to stabilize syndesmotic injuries.

Data Sources: A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases for studies published online before February 2020, using the key words and synonyms of "syndesmotic screw" ("ankle fractures" or "syndesmotic injury") and "implant removal."

Study Selection: Studies were eligible for inclusion when they described >10 adult patients undergoing elective/scheduled removal of the SS.

How Does Mechanism of Injury Relate to Similar Fracture Patterns in Bilateral Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneal Fractures?

Several biomechanical/cadaver studies have established a correlation between mechanism of injury and fracture classification in calcaneal fractures. However, this has never been backed up by clinical studies. In this study, the hypothesis is tested whether the alleged similar mechanism of injury for both feet in bilateral calcaneal fractures leads to similar fracture types.