Facile electrochemical affinity measurements of small and large molecules.

A novel miniaturized sensor for electrochemical detection that contains graphene- and gold nanoparticles was functionalized with proteins. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) it was possible to observe and quantify interactions of molecules with these proteins. The protein binders included carbohydrate ligands as small as carbohydrates up to COVID-19 spike protein variants engaged in protein-protein interactions.

Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalysis with a Molecular Cobalt Bis(alkylimidazole)methane Complex in DMF: a Critical Activity Analysis.

[Co(HBMIM ) ](BF ) (1) [HBMIM =bis(1-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methane] was investigated for its electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance in DMF using voltammetry and during controlled potential/current electrolysis (CPE/CCE) in a novel in-line product detection setup. Performances were benchmarked against three reported molecular cobalt hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts, [Co(dmgBF ) (solv) ] (2) (dmgBF =difluoroboryldimethylglyoximato), [Co(TPP)] (3) (TPP=5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrinato), and [Co(bapbpy)Cl](Cl) (4) [bapbpy=6,6'-bis-(2-aminopyridyl)-2,2'-bipyridine], showing distinct performances differences with 1 being the runner up in H evolution during CPE and the best catalyst in terms of overpotential and Faradaic efficiency during CCE. After bulk electrolysis, for all of the complexes, a deposit on the glassy carbon electrode was observed, and post-electrolysis X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the deposit formed from 1 demonstrated only a minor cobalt contribution (0.

Combining metal-metal cooperativity, metal-ligand cooperativity and chemical non-innocence in diiron carbonyl complexes.

Several metalloenzymes, including [FeFe]-hydrogenase, employ cofactors wherein multiple metal atoms work together with surrounding ligands that mediate heterolytic and concerted proton-electron transfer (CPET) bond activation steps. Herein, we report a new dinucleating PNNP expanded pincer ligand, which can bind two low-valent iron atoms in close proximity to enable metal-metal cooperativity (MMC). In addition, reversible partial dearomatization of the ligand's naphthyridine core enables both heterolytic metal-ligand cooperativity (MLC) and chemical non-innocence through CPET steps.

Electrocatalytic Proton Reduction by a Cobalt Complex Containing a Proton-Responsive Bis(alkylimdazole)methane Ligand: Involvement of a C-H Bond in H Formation.

Homogeneous electrocatalytic proton reduction is reported using cobalt complex [1](BF ) . This complex comprises two bis(1-methyl-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methane (HBMIM ) ligands that contain an acidic methylene moiety in their backbone. Upon reduction of [1](BF ) by either electrochemical or chemical means, one of its HBMIM ligands undergoes deprotonation under the formation of dihydrogen.

Tropylium-Promoted Oxidative Functionalization of Tetrahydroisoquinolines.

Structural modification of the tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) framework is of significant interest to organic chemists due to its central role in heterocyclic and medicinal chemistry. Here we demonstrate an efficient metal-free method for the oxidative functionalization of THIQs at the C1 position, which is amenable to a diverse range of C-C coupling reactions. These reactions proceed through a hydride abstraction involving the tropylium ion followed by quenching the generated iminium intermediates with nucleophiles to afford THIQ derivatives with excellent efficiencies and interesting selectivities.

Simultaneous detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in ruminants and detection of Ehrlichia ruminantium in Amblyomma variegatum ticks by reverse line blot hybridization.

The detection of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species is usually based on species-specific PCR assays, since no assay is yet available which can detect and identify these species simultaneously. To this end, we developed a reverse line blot (RLB) assay for simultaneous detection and identification of Anaplasma and Ehrlichia species in domestic ruminants and ticks. In a PCR the hypervariable V1 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene was amplified with a set of primers unique for members of the genera Anaplasma and Ehrlichia [Int.