Prediction of breast cancer risk for adolescents and young adults with Hodgkin lymphoma.

Background: While female survivors of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have an increased risk of breast cancer (BC), no BC risk prediction model is available. We developed such models incorporating mean radiation dose to the breast or breast quadrant-specific radiation doses.

Methods: Relative risks and age-specific incidence for BC and competing events (mortality or other subsequent cancer) were estimated from 1194 Dutch five-year HL survivors, treated at ages 11-40 during 1965-2000.

Development and multicenter validation of a multiparametric imaging model to predict treatment response in rectal cancer.

Objectives: To develop and validate a multiparametric model to predict neoadjuvant treatment response in rectal cancer at baseline using a heterogeneous multicenter MRI dataset.

Methods: Baseline staging MRIs (T2W (T2-weighted)-MRI, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) / apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)) of 509 patients (9 centres) treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) were collected. Response was defined as (1) complete versus incomplete response, or (2) good (Mandard tumor regression grade (TRG) 1-2) versus poor response (TRG3-5).

Association of Radiation and Procarbazine Dose With Risk of Colorectal Cancer Among Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Importance: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors have higher rates of colorectal cancer, which may be associated with subdiaphragmatic radiation therapy and/or alkylating chemotherapy. Although radiation dose-response associations with breast, lung, stomach, pancreatic, and esophageal cancer after HL have been demonstrated, the association of radiation therapy with colorectal cancer remains unclear.

Objective: To quantify the rate of colorectal cancer according to radiation dose to the large bowel and procarbazine dose among HL survivors.

ADC Values of Cytologically Benign and Cytologically Malignant 18 F-FDG PET-Positive Lymph Nodes of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Nodal staging (N-staging) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is essential for treatment planning and prognosis. 18F-fluordeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) has high performance for N-staging, although the distinction between cytologically malignant and reactive PET-positive nodes, and consequently, the selection of nodes for ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USgFNAC), is challenging. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) can help to detect nodal metastases.

Radiotherapy-Related Dose and Irradiated Volume Effects on Breast Cancer Risk Among Hodgkin Lymphoma Survivors.

Background: Breast cancer (BC) risk is increased among Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors treated with chest radiotherapy. Case-control studies showed a linear radiation dose-response relationship for estimated dose to the breast tumor location. However, these relative risks cannot be used for absolute risk prediction of BC anywhere in the breasts.

Value of Assessing Peripheral Vascularization with Micro-Flow Imaging, Resistive Index and Absent Hilum Sign as Predictor for Malignancy in Lymph Nodes in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (USgFNAC) is commonly used for nodal staging in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Peripheral vascularity is a described feature for node metastasis. Micro-flow imaging (MFI) is a new sensitive technique to evaluate micro-vascularization.

Sources of variation in multicenter rectal MRI data and their effect on radiomics feature reproducibility.

Objectives: To investigate sources of variation in a multicenter rectal cancer MRI dataset focusing on hardware and image acquisition, segmentation methodology, and radiomics feature extraction software.

Methods: T2W and DWI/ADC MRIs from 649 rectal cancer patients were retrospectively acquired in 9 centers. Fifty-two imaging features (14 first-order/6 shape/32 higher-order) were extracted from each scan using whole-volume (expert/non-expert) and single-slice segmentations using two different software packages (PyRadiomics/CapTk).

Bias correction for estimates from linear excess relative risk models in small case-control studies.

Epidemiologic studies conducted to quantify the impact of radiation dose d on an outcome typically model the hazard ratio (HR) for association using a linear term, , via a linear excess relative risk (ERR) model, based on biological considerations. To study associations of risk of a second cancer with radiation treatment for a first cancer, several nested case-control designs to estimate have been proposed that use refined doses received by different locations in the organ of interest. Here we first evaluated the small sample bias in maximum likelihood estimates of for the linear ERR model using location-specific radiation doses in simulations.

Studying local tumour heterogeneity on MRI and FDG-PET/CT to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer.

Objective: To investigate whether quantifying local tumour heterogeneity has added benefit compared to global tumour features to predict response to chemoradiotherapy using pre-treatment multiparametric PET and MRI data.

Methods: Sixty-one locally advanced rectal cancer patients treated with chemoradiotherapy and staged at baseline with MRI and FDG-PET/CT were retrospectively analyzed. Whole-tumour volumes were segmented on the MRI and PET/CT scans from which global tumour features (T2W/T2W/ADC/SUV/TLG/CT) and local texture features (histogram features derived from local entropy/mean/standard deviation maps) were calculated.

Locoregional CT staging of colon cancer: does a learning curve exist?

Purpose: To evaluate the learning curve for locoreginal staging of colon cancer in radiologist trainees.

Methods: Eighty-eight cases of colon cancer CT were included in this retrospective study. Four senior radiology residents staged the CTs according to TNM classification.

Pre-treatment prediction of early response to chemoradiotherapy by quantitative analysis of baseline staging FDG-PET/CT and MRI in locally advanced cervical cancer.

Background: Early prediction of response to concurrent chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) could aid to further optimize treatment regimens for locally advanced cervical cancer (LACC) in the future.

Purpose: To explore whether quantitative parameters from baseline (pre-therapy) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and FDG-PET/computed tomography (CT) have potential as predictors of early response to cCRT.

Material And Methods: Forty-six patients with LACC undergoing cCRT after staging with FDG-PET/CT and MRI were retrospectively analyzed.

Value of combined multiparametric MRI and FDG-PET/CT to identify well-responding rectal cancer patients before the start of neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Objectives: To explore the value of multiparametric MRI combined with FDG-PET/CT to identify well-responding rectal cancer patients before the start of neoadjuvant chemoradiation.

Methods: Sixty-one locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent a baseline FDG-PET/CT and MRI (T2W + DWI) and received long-course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy were retrospectively analysed. Tumours were delineated on MRI and PET/CT from which the following quantitative parameters were calculated: T2W volume and entropy, ADC mean and entropy, CT density (mean-HU), SUV maximum and mean, metabolic tumour volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG).

Integrated versus separate reading of F-18 FDG-PET/CT and MRI for abdominal malignancies - effect on staging outcomes and diagnostic confidence.

Objective: Abdominal cancer patients increasingly undergo multimodality imaging. This study evaluates effects of integrated reading of PET/CT and abdominal MRI on staging outcomes and diagnostic confidence compared to "routine" separate reading.

Methods: In total, N = 201 patients who underwent abdominal MRI and whole-body F-18 FDG-PET/CT within 14 days were retrospectively analyzed.