Gentrification drives patterns of alpha and beta diversity in cities.

While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of mammals (>500 g) to evaluate how gentrification impacts species richness and community composition across 23 US cities. After controlling for the negative effect of impervious cover, gentrified parts of cities had the highest mammal species richness.

Anti-MAG neuropathy: historical aspects, clinical-pathological correlations, and considerations for future therapeutical trials.

Background:  Patients with anti-MAG neuropathy present with distal demyelinating polyneuropathy, IgM monoclonal gammopathy, and elevated titers of anti-MAG antibodies.

Objective:  This paper reviews what is known about the clinical presentation, course, pathophysiology, and treatment of anti-MAG neuropathy, with considerations for the design of therapeutic trials.

Methods:  A literature review of the medical and scientific literature related to anti-MAG neuropathy, and the design of therapeutic clinical trials in peripheral neuropathy.

Electrodiagnostic profile of conduction slowing in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Objective: Since motor nerve conduction slowing can occur due to loss of large axons, we investigate the conduction slowing profile in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and identify the limits beyond which the diagnosis of exclusive axonal loss is unlikely.

Methods: First, using linear regression analysis, we established the range of motor conduction slowing in 76 chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) patients. Demyelinating range confidence intervals were defined by assessing conduction velocity (CV), distal latency (DML), and F-wave latency (F) in relation to distal compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of median, ulnar, fibular, and tibial nerves.

Serum α-Proteinase Inhibitor, Calprotectin, and S100A12 Concentrations in the Characterization of Pancreatitis in Dogs.

Miniature Schnauzers are predisposed to develop pancreatitis, with familial hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) described as a potential risk factor. Diagnosing pancreatitis in dogs is based on the integration of serum canine-specific pancreatic lipase (cPLI) concentration, clinical presentation, and diagnostic imaging findings. However, markers of systemic inflammation and antiprotease activity have not been extensively investigated in the characterization and prognostication of pancreatitis in dogs.

Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization.

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known ecological theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, changes in animal behavior within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied.

Wealth and urbanization shape medium and large terrestrial mammal communities.

Urban biodiversity provides critical ecosystem services and is a key component to environmentally and socially sustainable cities. However, biodiversity varies greatly within and among cities, leading to human communities with changing and unequal experiences with nature. The "luxury effect," a hypothesis that predicts a positive correlation between wealth, typically measured by per capita income, and species richness may be one indication of these inequities.

Landscape-scale differences among cities alter common species' responses to urbanization.

Understanding how biodiversity responds to urbanization is challenging, due in part to the single-city focus of most urban ecological research. Here, we delineate continent-scale patterns in urban species assemblages by leveraging data from a multi-city camera trap survey and quantify how differences in greenspace availability and average housing density among 10 North American cities relate to the distribution of eight widespread North American mammals. To do so, we deployed camera traps at 569 sites across these ten cities between 18 June and 14 August.

Differentiating Flail Limb Syndrome From Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.

Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate differences between flail limb syndrome and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Design: A retrospective chart review identified 16 cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 16 of flail limb syndrome. Revised Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale, compound muscle action potential amsplitudes, and rate of loss of vital capacity were compared.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Positive Airway Pressure Device for Sleep Apnea Detection in Acute Stroke Patients.

Background and Purpose- Sleep apnea has been associated with a poor outcome in acute stroke patients. Polysomnography is the gold standard diagnostic method for sleep apnea, but it is not feasible as a routine in the acute stroke setting. The current generation of positive airway pressure (PAP) devices can detect the different types of respiratory events.

Ponceau S waste: Ponceau S staining for total protein normalization.

Normalization of Western blotting data is a critical step that is needed to reduce errors caused by unequal sample loading across lanes in a gel, inconsistent sample preparation, and variations due to experimental errors. Several papers have suggested that total protein normalization may be better than housekeeping protein normalization for Western blotting normalization. Ponceau S is the most commonly used stain for total protein normalization.

Cephalometric, muscular and swallowing changes in patients with OSAS.

Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Syndrome (OSAS) is believed to be associated with craniofacial and neuromuscular changes, although the interplay among these variables still is poorly recognised. The objective of this study was to identify hyoid, muscular and swallowing changes associated with OSAS, and to correlate these alterations with OSAS severity. Cross-sectional study, in a tertiary referral centre.

A Retrospective Analysis of the Safety Profile of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in 1176 Patients Receiving Home Infusion Therapy.

Objectives: This analysis assessed the safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) in the treatment of patients with neuroimmunological and immunological disorders in a home-based setting.

Methods: Adverse reactions (ARs) were assessed in a retrospective review of 1176 patients receiving 28,677 home-based IVIg infusions between 1996 and 2013.

Results: Of 1176 patients, 648 (55.

Swallowing evaluation after surgery for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: uvulopalatopharyngoplasty vs. expansion pharyngoplasty.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of pharyngeal surgery on swallowing pattern in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), and to compare two surgical techniques: uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and expansion pharyngoplasty (EP), through videofluoroscopy.

Methods: Longitudinal prospective cohort, in a tertiary referral center. 17 adult patients were enrolled this study, divided into two groups: patients who underwent UPPP (n = 10) or EP (n = 7).

Varying age-gender associations between body mass index and urban greenspace.

Urban greenspace benefits urbanites in numerous ways ranging from regulating flooding, air quality, and local climate to providing opportunities for exercise and relaxation. These benefits may influence human health. Greenspace, for example, may facilitate exercise, thereby helping to reduce body mass index (BMI) and combat obesity, a current epidemic of great public health concern.

Topological cell clustering in the ATLAS calorimeters and its performance in LHC Run 1.

The reconstruction of the signal from hadrons and jets emerging from the proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and entering the ATLAS calorimeters is based on a three-dimensional topological clustering of individual calorimeter cell signals. The cluster formation follows cell signal-significance patterns generated by electromagnetic and hadronic showers. In this, the clustering algorithm implicitly performs a topological noise suppression by removing cells with insignificant signals which are not in close proximity to cells with significant signals.

Reconstruction of primary vertices at the ATLAS experiment in Run 1 proton-proton collisions at the LHC.

This paper presents the method and performance of primary vertex reconstruction in proton-proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment during Run 1 of the LHC. The studies presented focus on data taken during 2012 at a centre-of-mass energy of [Formula: see text] TeV. The performance has been measured as a function of the number of interactions per bunch crossing over a wide range, from one to seventy.

Search for lepton-flavour-violating decays of the Higgs and bosons with the ATLAS detector.

Direct searches for lepton flavour violation in decays of the Higgs and bosons with the ATLAS detector at the LHC are presented. The following three decays are considered: [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text]. The searches are based on the data sample of proton-proton collisions collected by the ATLAS detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.

Performance of algorithms that reconstruct missing transverse momentum in [Formula: see text]= 8 TeV proton-proton collisions in the ATLAS detector.

The reconstruction and calibration algorithms used to calculate missing transverse momentum ([Formula: see text] ) with the ATLAS detector exploit energy deposits in the calorimeter and tracks reconstructed in the inner detector as well as the muon spectrometer. Various strategies are used to suppress effects arising from additional proton-proton interactions, called pileup, concurrent with the hard-scatter processes. Tracking information is used to distinguish contributions from the pileup interactions using their vertex separation along the beam axis.

Search for triboson [Formula: see text] production in collisions at [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector.

This paper reports a search for triboson [Formula: see text] production in two decay channels ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text]) in proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20.3 [Formula: see text] at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 [Formula: see text] with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Events with exactly three charged leptons, or two leptons with the same electric charge in association with two jets, are selected.

Measurement of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production cross sections in multilepton final states using 3.2 fb[Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] collisions at [Formula: see text] = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector.

A measurement of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] production cross sections in final states with either two same-charge muons, or three or four leptons (electrons or muons) is presented. The analysis uses a data sample of proton-proton collisions at [Formula: see text] TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb[Formula: see text].