Challenges, experiences, and postoperative outcomes in setting up first successful lung transplant unit in India.

Background: Lung transplantation (LT) has emerged as a definitive cure for a plethora of end-stage lung diseases (ESLDs). With improvements in immune-suppression protocols, the posttransplantation survival rates have gone up.

Aim: The study reported the initial experience of the India's single largest lung transplant program on clinicopathological profile, procedures, challenges encountered, and outcomes.

Combined prednisolone and pirfenidone in bleomycin-induced lung disease.

Bleomycin is a cytostatic drug commonly employed in the treatment of Hodgkin's disease, seminomas, and choriocarcinoma. Bleomycin may induce a chronic pulmonary inflammation that may progress to fibrosis. So far, only corticosteroids have been used in the treatment of bleomycin-induced lung disease with variable results.

A rare cause of cavitatory pneumonia.

Radiographic findings of thick walled cavities in the lungs are typically seen in mycobacterial infections, malignant lesions, fungal infections, pulmonary vasculitis or other inflammatory lesions of the lungs. Necrotizing infections of the lungs caused by gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella, Psudomonas, Legionella) and Staphylococcus aureus may also form cavities of varying thickness, with consolidation. Escherichia coli pneumonia causing pulmonary cavities is very rare and the few cases reported are of pneumatocele formation.

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in malignancy: metastatic or granulomatous?

Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in patients with malignancy may not be always metastatic disease. We present three patients with proven thoracic or extra thoracic malignancies with mediastinal lymphadenopathy which were subsequently proven as granulomatous lymphadenitis by endobronchial ultrasound guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The objective of the current report is to emphasise that granulomatous lymphadenitis should be considered as an important differential diagnosis in such patients especially in tuberculosis endemic countries like India.

Primary pleural synovial sarcoma: A rare cause of hemorrhagic pleural effusion in a young adult.

This is a case report of a young adult presenting with hemorrhagic pleural effusion. Chest CT scan showed loculated pleural effusion with pleural nodule. Whole body PET scan showed thickening of pleura with multiple enhancing pleural nodules with different metabolic activity.