Bladder contractility index in posterior urethral valve: A new marker for early prediction of progression to renal failure.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valve (PUV) is the most common cause of pediatric end stage renal disease (ESRD), imposing a major health burden on medical community caregivers and adversely affecting the quality of life of patients. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage III or estimated GFR of <60 mL/min/1.73 m is known to be associated with more adverse renal, cardiovascular, and clinical outcomes.