Teneligliptin real-world efficacy assessment of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in India (TREAT-INDIA study).

Background And Aims: Teneligliptin was introduced in India in May 2015. It has gained popularity and is already widely prescribed in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This "real life" data collection was conducted to assess the efficacy of teneligliptin in Indian T2DM patients.

Assessment of thyroid and gonadal function in liver diseases.

Introduction: Liver is involved with the synthesis of carrier proteins and metabolism of various hormones and liver diseases may, therefore, be associated with various endocrine disturbances. This study was conducted to assess thyroid and gonadal function in subjects with acute hepatitis (AH), chronic liver disease (CLD), and those who had undergone liver transplantation (LT).

Materials And Methods: Patients with AH, CLD with Child-Pugh stage A (CLD-1) and Child-Pugh stage B or C (CLD-2), and LT seen at our tertiary level hospital were assessed clinically, biochemically, and for thyroid and gonadal functions besides 25 healthy controls.

Pituitary calcification masquerading as pituitary apoplexy.

Pituitary calcification occurs commonly in lactotroph or somatotroph adenoma but rare in chomophobe or gonadotroph adenoma. On imaging, it can mimic hemorrhage, hence may masquerade pituitary apoplexy if patient present with neurological manifestations. We present a case of pituitary calcification which mimicked pituitary apoplexy.

Reversible adrenal insufficiency and heterophile antibodies in a case of autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome.

A 27-year-old male was admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis and altered sensorium with slurring of speech and ataxia. He was managed with intravenous insulin and fluids and later shifted to basal bolus insulin regimen and during further evaluation was diagnosed to be suffering from primary hypothyroidism and adrenal insufficiency. He was started on thyroxin replacement and steroids only during stress.

Sarcomatous transformation (Leiomyosarcoma) in polyostotic fibrous dysplagia.

Malignant changes in polyostotic fibrous dysplasia are very rare. Most common malignancies reported are osteosarcoma and fibrosarcoma, chondrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Here, we report a previously diagnosed case of fibrous dysplasia who has developed leiomyosarcoma; diagnosis of which was delayed for about one year despite repeated fine needle aspiration and open biopsy.

Nelson's syndrome presenting as bilateral oculomotor palsy.

Nelson's syndrome refers to a clinical spectrum arising from progressive enlargement of pituitary adenoma and elevated adrenocorticotrophic hormone after total bilateral adrenalectomy for Cushing's disease comprising of hyperpigmentation, visual field defects which can be life threatening. We report here a 50-year male presenting with rapid onset of Nelson's syndrome with an unusual finding of bilateral oculomotor palsy mistakenly treated as ocular myasthenia.

Spinal polyostotic fibrous dysplasia in two adults: Does only biopsy unravel the mystery?

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia is a rare non-inheritable genetic disease due to mutation in GNAS gene. Here we present two adults who were accidentally detected lytic lesions in spine and after extensive evaluation for malignancies; was diagnosed on biopsy. Current concept of the disease and management is discussed.

Endocrine complications after busulphan and cyclophosphamide based hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A single tertiary care centre experience.

Introduction: Endocrine complications are common after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). Although HSCT is performed at various centers in India, no study is available for endocrine dysfunctions among them. This study was carried out with the objective to evaluate endocrine dysfunction among patients undergone HSCT in the past.

Pituitary oncocytoma presenting as Cushing's disease.

A 19-year-old girl presented with classical features of Cushing's syndrome. Endocrinal evaluation was consistent with pituitary source of ACTH; but imaging showed normal pituitary. Bilateral inferior petrosal sinus sampling confirmed the diagnosis.

Hidden diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 unraveled during workup of virilization caused by adrenocortical carcinoma.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia-1 (MEN1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome with classic triad of parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. Other recognized manifestations include carcinoid, cutaneous or adrenocortical tumors. It is commonly presented with clinical features related to parathyroid, pancreas or pituitary lesions.

Assessment of adrenal function in liver diseases.

Background: In recent times, there are reports of adrenal dysfunction in whole spectrum of liver disease. Adrenal insufficiency (AI) has been shown to correlate with progression of liver disease. Hence this study was conducted to assess adrenal function in subjects with acute liver disease (ALD), chronic liver disease (CLD) and post liver transplantation (LT).

Rituximab therapy in steroid-resistant severe hypothyroid Grave's ophthalmopathy.

Association of Grave's ophthalmopathy with hyperthyroidism is well known, and it has also been reported in euthyroid or hypothyroid autoimmune thyroiditis, which rarely requires treatment. Here, we report a case of bilaterally symmetrical severe corticosteroid-resistant hypothyroid Grave's ophthalmopathy successfully treated with rituximab.

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry: Pitfalls in measurement and interpretation of bone mineral density.

Osteoporosis is common disorder of elderly population all over the world as well as in India. The presence of osteoporosis predicts fracture risk. Fragility fracture has marked morbidity as well as mortality.

Hypercalcemic encephalopathy due to milk alkali syndrome and injection teriparatide.

An 82-year-old male, a known case of severe osteoporosis with vertebral fracture and prostatic carcinoma, was treated with gonadotropin releasing hormone analogue, calcium carbonate, cholecalciferol sachet and injection teriparatide. His diet consisted of milk and curd. He developed altered behavior and generalized weakness, and on investigation, hypercalcemia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis with low parathyroid hormone levels were detected.

Combined granulomatous and lymphocytic hypophysitis presenting as pituitary incidentaloma in a middle-aged woman.

We report a case of 41-year-old lady who presented with chronic headache of 6-month duration and a sellar mass with a suprasellar extension on imaging, which was interpreted as pituitary macroadenoma. She had normal pituitary function and visual perimetry. On clinical examination and imaging it was provisionally diagnosed as pituitary incidentaloma due to hypophysitis and she was advised steroid therapy, but underwent transnasal resection of the tumor against suggestion.

Clinical spectrum of hypopituitarism in India: A single center experience.

Objectives: There is paucity of information regarding clinical profile of hypopituitarism from India. We report the clinical profile of hypopituitarism from a tertiary center in North India.

Materials And Methods: This study was carried out in patients attending our endocrine center between January 2010 and December 2011.