The role of very low-dose prophylaxis in severe hemophilia patients.

Introduction: Very low-dose prophylaxis of antihemophilic factor (AHF) in hemophilia involves administration of minimal amounts of clotting factor concentrates, typically below standard doses, to maintain baseline levels and reduce bleeding episodes. This method uses smaller, more frequent doses to balance bleeding prevention and cost-effectiveness. Close monitoring ensures adequate protection while avoiding overtreatment, offering a tailored, cost-effective approach to improve the quality of life (QoL) of the hemophiliacs.

Immature platelet fraction in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Background: The recent pandemic caused by the newly identified virus, SARS-Cov-2 is associated with thromboembolic events. Patients infected with COVID-19 have been found to have thrombocytopenia. A decrease in platelet count may be caused by increased destruction and consumption of platelets or by decreased production of platelets in the bone marrow.

Efficacy and Safety of Vildagliptin and Remogliflozin as Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Patients of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An open-label comparative study.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of remogliflozin compared to vildagliptin as an add-on drug to metformin in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Metformin is considered a first-line drug in T2DM. However, as the disease progresses with heightened insulin resistance and declining β-cell function, the use of metformin alone is often inadequate to achieve optimum glucose levels.

Evaluation of the Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) in Moderate-to-Severe Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Open-Label Parallel-Group Study.

Purpose: Since February 2020, the world has been overwhelmed by the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and several patients suffered interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation, threatening the capability of healthcare systems to handle this amount of critical cases. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) possess potential immunomodulatory properties beneficial for COVID-19 patients, yet evidence supporting IVIG as adjunctive therapy remains sparse. This study evaluated the outcomes of adjunctive IVIG with the standard of care (SoC) in moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients.

Knowledge, attitudes and demographic effect on menopausal experiences among Indian rural women.

The menopausal experiences of women in selected rural areas of Visnagar, addressing a research gap within cultural and socio-economic landscapes is of interest. The global aging trend was reflected in the 26% representation of women aged 50 and over in the study. Employing a cross-sectional design, 200 menopausal women were sampled through stratified random sampling, emphasizing demographic diversity.

Evaluation of visual evoked potential in chronic myeloid leukemias.

Background: Visual complaint is not very uncommon in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients. Our study aims to evaluate the visual pathway using visual evoked potential (VEP) in cases of CML at the time of diagnosis and 6 weeks after tyrosine kinase therapy, to find out treatment impact in asymptomatic as well as symptomatic individuals and compare it with the general population.

Materials And Methods: This is an analytical cross-sectional study.

Hypertension care cascade in an urban resettlement colony and slum in Delhi, India: a cross-sectional survey.

Background: Hypertension care cascade in resource-limited settings is compromised with a majority of patients with hypertension remaining undiagnosed, untreated, non-adherent, and poorly controlled at every stage. However, there is paucity of information on care and management of hypertensive patients in community-based settings of low-income urban neighbourhoods in India.

Methods: This was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in an urban resettlement colony and slum area in the Northeast District of Delhi.

Clinical profile of hospitalised moderate category COVID-19 patients: Short study from a Tertiary Care Centre in Delhi.

Background: The clinical profile of hospitalized moderate-category COVID-19 patients has been understudied globally and in India.

Aim: The present study was conducted to study the clinical profile and assess the proportions of patients who progressed to severe disease and its predictors among moderate COVID-19 patients.

Materials And Methods: In this single-center observational study, 100 moderate-category COVID-19 patients as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) criteria of age ≥18 years of either sex, excluding pregnant females from February to November 2021, were studied by analyzing their clinical profiles and assessing Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), National Early Warning Score 2 (NEWS-2), and chest computed-tomography severity score (CTSS) to predict progression to severe disease.

COVID-19 Booster Dose Coverage and Hesitancy among Older Adults in an Urban Slum and Resettlement Colony in Delhi, India.

Background: The high prevalence of vaccine booster hesitancy, with the concomitant waning of humoral vaccine or hybrid immunity, and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern can accentuate COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. The study objective was to ascertain the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, including the administration of precaution (booster) dose vaccination, among the older population in an urban slum and resettlement colony population in Delhi, India.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey in an urban resettlement colony, slum, and village cluster in the Northeast district of Delhi among residents aged ≥50 years.

Comparison of Neurodevelopmental Status in Early Infancy of Infants of Women With and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Objectives: To study the neurodevelopmental status of offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes (OGDM) aged 3½ mo.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary hospital, New Delhi which included infants aged 3½ mo (+1 wk) who were either offsprings of women with gestational diabetes (cases) or infants of mothers without gestational diabetes mellitus presenting to tertiary care public hospital in India from January, 2018 through March, 2019, with enrollment of infants done between 10 April, 2018 and 30 March, 2019.

Results: The development quotient (DQ) using Developmental Assessment Scales for Indian Infants (DASII) was calculated as Motor DQ, Mental DQ and a composite DQ.

A case report on uneventful anticoagulation and persistence of Type 1 Respiratory Failure post severe COVID-19 infection in a patient of Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has led researchers worldwide to study the patterns of association of SARS-CoV-2 with different diseases, which have been a prime focus of medical literature. Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome, also known as hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT), is a rare genetic disorder in which patients present with recurrent epistaxis, nostril manipulations, and multiple arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) along with telangiectasias involving internal organs and mucocutaneous areas. In addition, these AVMs are prone to bleeding or act as a nidus for thrombus formation, apart from other serious complications, such as chronic hypoxemia, anemia, pulmonary artery hypertension, heart failure, and cerebrovascular accidents.

Determinants of Treatment Adherence and Health Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension in a Low-Income Urban Agglomerate in Delhi, India: A Qualitative Study.

Background Diabetes and hypertension (HTN) are increasing threats to global public health. Despite evidence of effective management of diabetes and HTN by medications that help in the prevention and reducing mortality of the disease, a large proportion of people either remain undiagnosed or untreated, especially in low-resource countries. This study was conducted to explore the patient treatment pathway and their health-seeking behavior in a low-income urban area.

Comparison of Serum Holotranscobalamin with Serum Vitamin B12 in Population Prone to Megaloblastic Anemia and their Correlation with Nerve Conduction Study.

Early detection of megaloblastic anemia and associated neurological complications is crucial for management. This study was conducted to compare serum holotranscobalamin level with serum vitamin B12 level as early biomarker in people prone to megaloblastic anemia and to evaluate co-relation between these biomarkers and nerve conduction study in study patients. 83 adult patients (Hb > 12 gm/dl) prone to megaloblastic anemia were studied for basic haematological investigations, random blood sugar, thyroid function test, liver function test, kidney function test, serum vitamin B12, serum holotranscobalamin and serum folic acid levels.

Evaluation of the plantar fascia in patients with diabetes mellitus: the role of sonoelastography.

Purpose: It has been postulated that hyperglycaemic non-enzymatic glycation of proteins with subsequent accumulation of glycosylated end-products in tissues like the plantar fascia (PF) contributes to the development of foot ulcers in diabetics. The present study evaluates the spectrum of sonoelastographic findings in the plantar fascia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material And Methods: A total of 81 patients and 32 healthy volunteers were included in the study.

Case Report: Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) and Fungemia in Post-acute COVID-19 Syndrome: A Clinical Challenge.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a disease (COVID-19) with multisystem involvement. The world is now entering a phase of post-COVID-19 manifestations in this pandemic. Secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (sHLH) is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory event triggered by viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2.

Evaluation of Performance of Detection of Immunoglobulin G and Immunoglobulin M Antibody Against Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 by a Rapid Kit in a Real-Life Hospital Setting.

Background: Antibody testing is often used for serosurveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence-based antibody tests are quite sensitive and specific for such serological testing. Rapid antibody tests against different antigens are developed and effectively used for this purpose.

Ocular sequelae in severe COVID-19 recovered patients of second wave.

Purpose: To evaluate the retinal microvascular changes in patients, recovered from severe COVID-19 during the second wave of the pandemic in North India.

Methods: In this observational cross-sectional study, 70 eyes of 35 patients who recovered from severe COVID-19 during the second wave underwent detailed ophthalmic evaluation 4-6 weeks after discharge. Twelve controls were also enrolled, and the difference in the findings between the case and control groups on optical coherence tomography (OCTA) were studied.

Pattern of serum protein capillary electrophoretogram in SARS- CoV-2 infection.

Background And Aims: Monoclonal/biclonalgammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS/BGUS) is observed in COVID-19. This study was conducted to determine the changes in serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) in COVID-19.

Materials And Methods: In this descriptive (cross-sectional) study, serum inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6 and ferritin) were measured and SPEP was carried out by capillary electrophoresis method in 35 controls and 30 moderate & 58 severe COVID-19 cases.

Expert Consensus Statements on the Use of Corticosteroids in Non-severe COVID-19.

Introduction: There is strong evidence for the use of corticosteroid in the management of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). However, there is still uncertainty about the timing of corticosteroids. We undertook a modified Delphi study to develop expert consensus statements on the early identification of a subset of patients from non-severe COVID-19 who may benefit from using corticosteroids.

Characterization of midgut microbiome of Liston.

Background & Objectives: Anopheles stephensi is an important vector of malaria in South East Asia. The abundance and diversity of gut microbiota in the disease vectors affect their development, digestion, metabolism and immunity. The immatures of An.