A US-Based Multi-Site Pilot to Screen Hepatitis B Surface Antigen-Positive Patients for Hepatitis D.

Hepatitis D (HDV) is a severe infection with well-recognised clinical ramifications that remains relatively neglected and underdiagnosed; consequently, the epidemiology of HDV is poorly characterised, both in the United States and globally. In 2022, a pilot project involving eight healthcare institutions was undertaken to ascertain the prevalence of HDV in healthcare institutions with an HBV seropositivity of at least 1%, describe the characteristics of patients testing positive for HDV, and evaluate diagnostic and laboratory processes of HDV screening. From August 2022 to April 2024, a total of 106,693 patients were tested for HBsAg, of whom 65,341 (61.

Limited Evidence of Shared Decision Making for Prostate Cancer Screening in Audio-Recorded Primary Care Visits Among Black Men and their Healthcare Providers.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA)-based prostate cancer screening is a preference-sensitive decision for which experts recommend a shared decision making (SDM) approach. This study aimed to examine PSA screening SDM in primary care. Methods included qualitative analysis of audio-recorded patient-provider interactions supplemented by quantitative description.

Comparison of diabetic retinopathy severity grading on ETDRS 7-field versus ultrawide-field assessment.

Objectives: To compare the diabetic retinopathy (DR) severity level determined when considering only the ETDRS 7-field region versus the entire ultrawidefield (UWF) image.

Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, UWF pseudocolor images were graded on the Eyenuk image viewing, grading, and annotation platform for the severity of DR considering only the regions within the ETDRS 7-fields as well as the entire UWF image using two different protocols: 1) the simple International Classification of Diabetic Retinopathy (ICDR) scale and 2) the more complex DRCR.net Protocol AA grading scale.

Clinical Trial Protocol for a Randomized Trial of Community Health Worker-led Decision Coaching to Promote Shared Decision-making on Prostate Cancer Screening Among Black Male Patients and Their Providers.

We propose a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a community health worker-led decision-coaching program to facilitate shared decision-making for prostate cancer screening decisions by Black men at a primary care federally qualified health center.

Comparison of automated and expert human grading of diabetic retinopathy using smartphone-based retinal photography.

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a mobile platform that combines smartphone-based retinal imaging with automated grading for determining the presence of referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy (RWDR).

Methods: A smartphone-based camera (RetinaScope) was used by non-ophthalmic personnel to image the retina of patients with diabetes. Images were analyzed with the Eyenuk EyeArt® system, which generated referral recommendations based on presence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and/or markers for clinically significant macular oedema.

The Value of Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening with the EyeArt System: A Study of More Than 100,000 Consecutive Encounters from People with Diabetes.

Current manual diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening using eye care experts cannot scale to screen the growing population of diabetes patients who are at risk for vision loss. EyeArt system is an automated, cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) eye screening technology designed to easily detect referral-warranted DR immediately through automated analysis of patient's retinal images. This retrospective study assessed the diagnostic efficacy of the EyeArt system v2.

Automated detection of diabetic retinopathy lesions on ultrawidefield pseudocolour images.

Purpose: We examined the sensitivity and specificity of an automated algorithm for detecting referral-warranted diabetic retinopathy (DR) on Optos ultrawidefield (UWF) pseudocolour images.

Methods: Patients with diabetes were recruited for UWF imaging. A total of 383 subjects (754 eyes) were enrolled.

Automated Diabetic Retinopathy Screening and Monitoring Using Retinal Fundus Image Analysis.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR)-a common complication of diabetes-is the leading cause of vision loss among the working-age population in the western world. DR is largely asymptomatic, but if detected at early stages the progression to vision loss can be significantly slowed. With the increasing diabetic population there is an urgent need for automated DR screening and monitoring.

Pulse propagation by a capacitive mechanism drives embryonic blood flow.

Pulsatile flow is a universal feature of the blood circulatory system in vertebrates and can lead to diseases when abnormal. In the embryo, blood flow forces stimulate vessel remodeling and stem cell proliferation. At these early stages, when vessels lack muscle cells, the heart is valveless and the Reynolds number (Re) is low, few details are available regarding the mechanisms controlling pulses propagation in the developing vascular network.

4D reconstruction of the beating embryonic heart from two orthogonal sets of parallel optical coherence tomography slice-sequences.

Current methods to build dynamic optical coherence tomography (OCT) volumes of the beating embryonic heart involve synchronization of 2D+time slice-sequences acquired over separate heartbeats. Temporal registration of these sequences is performed either through gating or postprocessing. While synchronization algorithms that exclusively rely on image- intrinsic signals allow forgoing external gating hardware, they are prone to error accumulation, require operator-supervised correction, or lead to nonisotropic resolution.

Motion-based structure separation for label-free, high-speed, 3D cardiac microscopy.

Capturing the dynamics of individual structures in the embryonic heart is an essential step for studying its function and development. Label-free brightfield (BF) microscopy allows for higher acquisition frame-rates than techniques requiring molecular labeling, without interfering with embryo viability or needing complex equipment. However, since different structures contribute similarly to image contrast, label-free microscopy lacks specificity.

Pancreaticojejunostomy in proximal pancreatic transection: A viable option.

Complete pancreatic transection following blunt abdominal trauma is not a common injury. Distal pancreatectomy with or without splenectomy is routinely performed if the transection is to the left of the superior mesenteric vessels. We performed pancreaticojejunostomy on a six-year-old female patient who presented with complete transection at the pancreatic neck following blunt abdominal trauma.

Spontaneous perforation of rectum with evisceration of small bowel simulating intussusception.

Context: Spontaneous perforation of rectum is a rare event; however evisceration of the small bowel through the perforated site without predisposing factors is extremely rare, complex and worth reporting.

Case Report: A 14 years old presented to us apparently as a case of intussception. The operative findings revealed it to be a case of spontaneous perforation of rectum with evisceration of the small bowel through the perforation.

A coaxial thermocouple for shock tunnel applications.

A chromel-constantan coaxial surface junction thermocouple has been designed, fabricated, calibrated, and tested to measure the temperature-time history on the surface of a body in a hypersonic freestream of Mach 8 in a shock tunnel. The coaxial thermocouple with a diameter of 3.25 mm was flush mounted in the surface of a hemisphere of 25 mm diameter.

Multiple-cardiac-cycle noise reduction in dynamic optical coherence tomography of the embryonic heart and vasculature.

Recent progress in optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows imaging dynamic structures and fluid flow within scattering tissue, such as the beating heart and blood flow in mouse embryos. Accurate representation and analysis of these dynamic behaviors require reducing the noise of the acquired data. Although noise can be reduced by averaging multiple neighboring pixels in space or time, such operations reduce the effective spatial or temporal resolution that can be achieved.

Multimodality diagnosis of liver tumors: feature analysis with CT, liver-specific and contrast-enhanced MR, and a computer model.

Rationale And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to measure and to clarify the diagnostic contributions of image-based features in differentiating benign from malignant and hepatocyte-containing from non-hepatocyte-containing liver lesions.

Materials And Methods: Six experienced abdominal radiologists each read images from 146 cases (including a contrast material-enhanced computed tomographic [CT] scan and contrast-enhanced and unenhanced magnetic resonance [MR] images) following a checklist-questionnaire requiring them to rate quantitatively each of as many as 131 image features and then reported on each of the two differentiations. The diagnostic value of each feature was assessed, and linear discriminant analysis was used to develop statistical prediction rules (SPRs) for merging feature data into computerized "second opinions.

Contrast-enhanced MRI of the liver with mangafodipir trisodium: imaging technique and results.

Magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents are now routinely used for detecting and characterizing focal liver lesions. Liver specific, hepatobiliary, MRI contrast agent mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP) is taken up by the functioning hepatocytes and excreted by the biliary system. Contrast uptake leads to persistent elevation of T1-weighted signal of normal liver parenchyma within 10 minutes of injection.