Endogenous endophthalmitis caused by .

We report a case of a late adolescent female who presented to us with complaints of acute, painful loss of vision in her left eye. Her visual acuity (VA) had reduced to perception of hand movements within a week. Slit lamp examination and ultrasonography revealed that the patient had endophthalmitis.

Antifungal resistance, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in ocular infections due to common melanized fungi and in South India.

Melanized fungi were rarely studied for their antifungal resistance (AFR) or clinical outcome, despite rising incidence of melanized fungal ocular infections and AFR in general. We report the antifungal resistance patterns, clinical outcome and clinico-microbiological correlation in two commonly isolated melanized fungi from ocular infections, and , at a tertiary eyecare centre in South India..

Ultrastructural polymicrobial interactions and antimicrobial resistance in cornea model.

To investigate antagonistic interactions among pathogens, in donor corneas infected with monomicrobial or polymicrobial combinations of antibiotic susceptible and resistant clinical isolates of (MSSA, MRSA) and (S-PA, MDR-PA). Scanning electron microscopy and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST, broth microdilution for minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations [MIC/MBC]) pre-and post-polymicrobial interactions, in infected donor corneas. MSSA lost viability with S-PA/MDR-PA, while MRSA formed larger cells, biofilm and lower MIC (teicoplanin) with S-PA, but lost viability with MDR-PA.

Secondary bacterial corneal infection caused by species in primary fungal keratitis.

A middle-aged male patient presented with a central corneal perforation in a deep stromal infiltrate in his left eye. An emergency therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Microbiological evaluation of the corneal scraping specimen revealed septate fungal filaments on stains.

Green synthesis of copper nanoparticles by using pineapple peel waste: in vitro characterizations and antibacterial potential.

A considerable amount of fruit waste is being produced every day worldwide. The green synthesis of metal nanoparticles from fruit peel waste can be an innovative, cost-effective, and eco-friendly alternative to traditional methods. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were synthesized by a green method using the pineapple peels extract (PLX) and copper sulfate pentahydrate.

Clinico-Microbiological Correlation in Endophthalmitis: Case Series and Review of Literature.

Purpose: To report two rare cases of endogenous endophthalmitis in an immunocompromised premature baby and an immunocompetent adult and do a brief literature review of related cases. Diagnosis in both cases was confirmed only after the pathogen grew from ocular samples, in the absence of clear signs of enteric fever.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of medical and microbiology records.

and Rare Fungal Keratitis: Case Series, DNA Sequencing, Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns.

Purpose: We report two cases of fungal keratitis due to rare melanized fungal pathogens in ocular infection, one is the first case report of keratitis due to and the second is keratitis due to rare fungal pathogen in ocular infections .

Method: Conventional mycology during routine diagnostics helped in identifying these rare fungal isolates, following which we proceeded for the confirmation of identification by DNA sequencing and did antifungal susceptibility test to understand their susceptibility pattern. The clinical information for these two patients were collected from hospital electronic medical records.

Case Report: Ocular Tissue Diagnosis of Previously Undiagnosed, Extensively Drug-Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis.

We describe a patient with concurrent ocular and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in whom the diagnosis of extensively drug-resistant TB was made through phenotypic drug-sensitivity testing of an ocular fluid sample after sputum testing yielded incomplete results. Our results are remarkable, because culture-based diagnosis of TB in ocular fluid is unusual. We not only overcame this limitation, but also were able to create a complete drug-sensitivity testing profile from ocular samples, which led to effecting appropriate therapy for the patient.

Practical tips and common mistakes in ocular microbiology sampling and processing.

Ocular microbiology deals with miniscule samples from ocular infections, which are difficult to collect, process, and analyze, necessitating special skills, and the knowledge of troubleshooting errors to reach a specific diagnosis. In this article, we highlight several practical points in ocular microbiology, common mistakes, and various approaches to resolve them. We have covered sample collection from different ocular compartments, processing for smear preparation and culture, transport of samples, staining and reagents issues, artifacts and contaminants, and interpretation of in-vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing reports.

Lacrimal Drainage Infections with : Clinical Presentations, Complications and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the clinical presentations, complications, and outcomes of Sphingomonas paucimobilis-specific lacrimal drainage infections.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with lacrimal infections and managed at a tertiary care Dacryology Service from November 2015 to May 2022 over a 6.5-year period were recruited and analyzed.

Case Report: Poor Outcome Despite Aggressive Management in Pythium insidiosum Endophthalmitis.

Pythium insidiosum is a parasitic oomycete that can cause keratitis and closely resembles fungus, both clinically and morphologically. It requires a trained microbiologist for its differentiation from fungal filaments and has poor response to antifungal therapy. We present a case of primary isolation of the organism from the vitreous cavity in a case of endophthalmitis.

keratitis: Risk factors, clinical characteristics, management, and outcome in 65 cases.

Purpose: To study the risk factors, clinical presentation, management options, and outcomes in cases of culture-proven Acremonium keratitis.

Methods: Medical and microbiology records of culture-proven Acremonium keratitis from Jan 2007 to Dec 2019 at a tertiary eye care center were reviewed. Details of clinical findings on each visit and operating notes were reviewed from the medical records.

Use of different stains for microscopic evaluation for the diagnosis of Pythium keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of various staining techniques for detection of Pythium in keratitis cases.

Methods: Data of nineteen consecutive culture-positive cases of Pythium keratitis were retrospectively analysed. Corneal scrapings and corneal buttons (in the cases which underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty [TPK]) were sent for microbiological and histopathological examination.

Keratitis following descemet's stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK): Clinical features and outcome in early late presentation.

Objective: To compare the clinical presentation, risk factors, causative organisms, and final outcome of early- and late- onset microbial keratitis following Descemet's Stripping Endothelial Keratoplasty (DSEK).

Materials And Methods: In a retrospective, comparative, case series, twenty-three (10 early-onset keratitis, 13 late-onset keratitis) cases were included for analysis from a single centre tertiary eye care setup. Data about demography, indication, clinical features, and outcome were collected for both the groups.

Multidrug-resistant keratitis: challenging yet manageable.

Purpose: To study the incidence, clinical features and outcomes of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial keratitis.

Methods: All cases of MDR-bacterial keratitis presenting to our institute over a period of 2 years were retrospectively analysed. Details of risk factors, size and depth of infiltrate, treatment, and outcome were noted.

Effect of polymicrobial interactions on antimicrobial resistance: an analysis in human ocular infections.

Investigate the effect of polymicrobial interactions on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of ocular pathogens in polymicrobial settings, compared with monomicrobial infections. Polymicrobial interactions were labeled as antagonistic, synergistic or indifferent based on a reduction, an increase or no change, respectively, in antibiotics' MIC by the Vitek 2 compact system, compared with monomicrobial pathogens. showed antagonistic polymicrobial interactions (22.

Sensitivity and specificity of potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white stain to differentiate between fungal and filaments in corneal scrapings from patients of keratitis.

Purpose: To assess the sensitivity of potassium hydroxide and calcofluor white (KOH+CFW) mount in the diagnosis of Pythium keratitis and concordance among microbiologists.

Methods: Three microbiologists evaluated the microscopic images of KOH + CFW mounts of confirmed cases of Pythium and fungal keratitis seen between January 2019 and February 2021. The filaments were compared using specific differentiating features.

Efficacy of voriconazole and amphotericin B in corneal preservative media.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of voriconazole and amphotericin B in McCarey-Kaufman (MK) media.

Methods: MK media vials were supplemented with either voriconazole at 1, 2, 20, 50, 100 μg/mL or amphotericin B at 0.5, 1, 2, 10, 20 μg/mL.

Corynebacterium Keratitis: Pure Versus Mixed Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns From Different Tertiary Eye Care Centers.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to compare the clinical and microbiological profiles of culture-proven pure Corynebacterium keratitis with mixed infection and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns over a 2-year period.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of culture-proven cases of Corynebacterium keratitis over a 2-year period was performed in 3 different tertiary eye care centers. All isolates were tested for antibiotic susceptibility in vitro using the disc-diffusion method for 7 antibiotics.

Isolation of unusual bacteria in canaliculitis: A series of four cases.

With increased availability of sophisticated microbiological techniques for isolation, growth and identification of micro-organisms the spectrum of organisms is rapidly. Herein we report four cases of canaliculitis with unusual organisms and highlight their clinical significance. To the best of our knowledge, there are no reports of isolation of Brucella melitensis and Leuconostoc species reported in English literature; and only one report of isolation of Myroides species from canaliculitis exists.

Hybridoma technology; advancements, clinical significance, and future aspects.

Background: Hybridoma technology is one of the most common methods used to produce monoclonal antibodies. In this process, antibody-producing B lymphocytes are isolated from mice after immunizing the mice with specific antigen and are fused with immortal myeloma cell lines to form hybrid cells, called hybridoma cell lines. These hybridoma cells are cultured in a lab to produce monoclonal antibodies, against a specific antigen.

Fungal Endophthalmitis: Analysis of 730 Consecutive Eyes from 7 Tertiary Eye Care Centers in India.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical and microbiological features of a large cohort with culture-confirmed fungal endophthalmitis across India.

Design: Cross-sectional, hospital-based, retrospective medical record review.

Participants: Seven large tertiary eye care centers from different regions of India.

Masked comparison of trypan blue stain and potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white stain in the microscopic examination of corneal scrapings for the diagnosis of microbial keratitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of trypan blue in direct microscopic examination of corneal scrapings in the diagnosis of non-viral microbial keratitis.

Methods: In a prospective, interventional, masked study, 82 consecutive patients were investigated. Direct microscopic examination of the corneal scrapings involved three smears stained with potassium hydroxide with calcofluor white (KOH + CFW), Gram stain (not analyzed), and trypan blue stain and culture for bacteria, fungus, and Acanthamoeba.