The central nervous system and infection by Candida species.

In this paper we have reviewed the main clinico-pathologic disease groups of neurocandidiasis: the microabscesses, the macroabscesses, and the meningitis. Special attention has been paid to the predisposing conditions for the appearance of neurocandidiasis, the neuroimaging techniques, and the study of the cerebrospinal fluid, needed for diagnosis. We have also discussed the differential diagnosis with other illnesses.

Infection of the central nervous system by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (the new neurotuberculosis).

Neurologic complications of HIV infection are numerous. This review focuses on the clinical presentation, diagnostic particularities and therapeutic issues of neurotuberculosis. The pertinent literature describing this important infection is succinctly summarized with a particular emphasis on the discussion of differences in clinical presentation between HIV-infected and -uninfected patients.

Intracerebral mass lesions in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection and cryptococcal meningitis.

The frequency of intracerebral mass lesions (ICML) in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is not well established. Cryptococcoma seems to be a rare affliction. The objective of this study was to analyze the etiology of ICML in patients with HIV infection and CM.

Tuberculous meningitis. Clinical characteristics and comparison with cryptococcal meningitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and causes of meningitis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.

Design: A prospective study of HIV-associated neurologic complications carried out from 1988 to 1992.

Setting: A tertiary care university hospital in Madrid, Spain.

AIDS dementia complex: incidence, clinical profile and impact of zidovudine treatment*.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of AIDS dementia complex (ADC), the clinical data which distinguish it from other neurological complications of HIV infection, and the impact of zidovudine (AZT) therapy on the appearance and course of this condition. Data on the neurological complications of HIV patients treated at a community hospital from 1988 to 1992 were collected prospectively. Out of 500 AIDS patients treated at the hospital, there were 142 patients with neurological complications, with an average of 1.

[Alpha tumor necrosis factor in central nervous system disease associated with HIV infection].

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between the alpha tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) and the neurological disease associated to the HIV-1 infection and different neurological manifestations (15 infections of the CNS and 11 AIDS-dementia complexes) and 14 from a control group. The mean value of TNF-alpha in CSF of patients with HIV-1 infection and AIDS-dementia complex was 19.8 +/- 30.

Candida cerebrospinal fluid shunt infection. Report of two new cases and review of the literature.

In this case report, we describe two patients with Candida shunt infection and review 22 cases from the previous literature. All of them had ventriculoperitoneal shunts, except one who had an external ventricular drain. The more outstanding predisposing factors were recent bacterial meningitis and/or neurosurgery (different from the shunt placement) and abdominal complications (intestinal perforation in three cases, and gastrostomy and lengthening of the distal catheter in one each).

[Meningoencephalitis due to Rickettsia conorii. Etiopathological, clinical and diagnostic aspects].

Boutonneuse fever (BF) is usually considered to be a benign rickettsiosis. However, severe presentations, resembling Rocky Mountain spotted fever, have been reported. There are few neurological complications, except in serious forms of the disease.

[Candida albicans meningitis in 2 parenteral drug addicts. Review of the literature].

Background: HIV infection and parenteral drug abuse (PDA) are frequently associated conditions. Both are at increased risk of developing specific types of Candida infections. Localized CNS infection is an exceptional finding.

[Complicated migraine: a study of 7 cases].

The association between migraine and stroke is well known. It is assumed that 15% of strokes in patients below 45 years are due to migraine. To evaluate the features of this association, we have reviewed seven cases of patients with migraine and established neurological deficits.