Survival of viruses in water microcosms.

Human enteric viruses and emerging viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, influenza virus and monkeypox virus, are frequently detected in wastewater. Human enteric viruses are highly persistent in water, but there is limited information available for non-enteric viruses. The present study evaluated the stability of hepatitis A virus (HAV), murine norovirus (MNV), influenza A virus H3N2 (IAV H3N2), human coronavirus (HCoV) 229E, and vaccinia virus (VACV) in reference water (RW), effluent wastewater (EW) and drinking water (DW) under refrigeration and room temperature conditions.

Exploring policy coherence for land use transformations: The case of Scotland.

The multiple crises (climate, biodiversity, austerity) facing our socio-ecological systems require ambitious responses; with much of the responsibility for protecting public goods and developing sustainably lying with public policy. To tackle these wicked problems, there are increasing calls for policy coherence: to use the levers of government in a more holistic and systemic manner. Land use transformation is crucial to achieving these ambitions.

Transcorneal Vitrectomy in Eyes with Regressed Retinoblastoma.

Purpose: Current treatments for retinoblastoma facilitate globe salvage but can result in vitreoretinal disorders that may require surgery. There is controversy on surgical approaches in eyes with retinoblastoma. Here we describe a transcorneal vitrectomy approach that avoids the use of chemotherapy or cryotherapy.

Prediction of antimicrobial susceptibility of pneumococci based on whole-genome sequencing data: a direct comparison of two genomic tools to conventional antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Determination of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in pneumococcal isolates is important for surveillance purposes and in a clinical context. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) of pneumococci is complicated by the need for exact minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of beta-lactam antibiotics. Two next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis tools have implemented the prediction of AMR in their analysis workflow, including the prediction of MICs: Pathogenwatch (https://pathogen.

The safe development paradox of the United States regulatory floodplain.

In the United States, requirements for flood insurance, development restrictions, and federal buyout program eligibility rely on regulatory designation of hazardous zones, i.e., inside or outside the 100-year floodplain.

Amperometric determination of NADH and dehydrogenase enzymes at a redox-active nanocomposite.

Aminated carbon nanotubes, CNT, were covalently modified with glutardialdehyde (GDI) and the redox dye Azure to form a new electrode material CNT-GDI-Azure (CGA). The nanocomposite of CGA and polysaccharide chitosan was used for the anodic determination of NADH. Compared to conventional carbon and metal electrodes, the CGA electrode drastically lowered the overpotential for NADH oxidation (by > 0.

Analysis of Helicopter Air Ambulance Accidents in the United States From 2010 to 2021.

Objective: Helicopter air ambulance (HAA) services are essential to air medical transport in the United States. However, HAA accidents, incidents, and fatalities have been a reason for concern for HAA operations. This article analyzes the numbers, proportions, contributing or causal factors, and defining events of HAA accidents in the United States from 2010 to 2021.

Global, Regional, and National Trends in Liver Disease-Related Mortality Across 112 Countries From 1990 to 2021, With Projections to 2050: Comprehensive Analysis of the WHO Mortality Database.

Background: Liver disease causes over two million deaths annually worldwide, comprising approximately 4% of all global fatalities. We aimed to analyze liver disease-related mortality trends from 1990 to 2021 using the World Health Organization (WHO) Mortality Database and forecast global liver disease-related mortality rates up to 2050.

Methods: This study examined age-standardized liver disease-related death rates from 1990 to 2021, employing data from the WHO Mortality Database across 112 countries across five continents.

Sociodemographic differences in treatment of acute respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares.

Objective: To determine whether differences exist in antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infections in pediatric urgent cares (PUCs) by patient race/ethnicity, insurance, and language.

Design: Multi-center cohort study.

Setting: Nine organizations (92 locations) from 22 states and Washington, DC.

Analytic performance of ScreenFire HPV RS assay Zebra BioDome format and its potential for large-scale population HPV screening.

Background: Easy-to-use, rapid, scalable, high-throughput, and cost-effective HPV tests are urgently needed for low-resource settings. Atila Biosystems' high-throughput, cost-effective, and clinically validated ScreenFire HPV Risk Stratification (RS) assay identifies 13 high risk HPV (hrHPV) in 4 groups based on their oncogenic risk (i.e.

Exploring plant virus diversity in wastewater and reclaimed water through metagenomic analysis.

The use of reclaimed water for agricultural activities is being widely employed to address drought and water scarcity. Nevertheless, the disinfection processes do not consistently facilitate the complete removal of all eukaryotic viruses within these reclaimed waters. Consequently, it may pose a risk not only to humans but also to irrigated plants.

cis- and trans-regulatory contributions to a hierarchy of factors influencing gene expression variation.

Gene expression variation results from numerous sources including genetic, environmental, life stage, and even the environment experienced by previous generations. While the importance of each has been demonstrated in diverse organisms, their relative contributions remain understudied because few investigations have simultaneously determined each within a single experiment. Here we quantified genome-wide gene expression traits in Drosophila, quantified the contribution of multiple different sources of trait variation and determined the molecular mechanisms underlying observed variation.

Alcoholic beverage consumption and female breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Alcohol consumption is an established cause of female breast cancer. This systematic review examines in detail the association between alcohol and female breast cancer overall and among the described subgroups, using all of the evidence to date. A systematic review of PubMed and Embase was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Aberrant zonal recycling of germinal center B cells impairs appropriate selection in lupus.

Autoimmune diseases such as lupus are characterized by polyclonal B cell activation, leading to the production of autoantibodies. The mechanism leading to B cell dysregulation is unclear; however, the defect may lie in selection within germinal centers (GCs). GC B cells cycle between proliferation and mutation in the dark zone and selection in the light zone (LZ).

Evaluation of Antibodies for Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Characterization.

Flow cytometry, paired with fluorescent antibodies, is a popular method for characterizing cell phenotypes. Our laboratory is interested in deriving and characterizing vascular smooth muscle cells from embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, one of the few stem cell differentiation methods that remain underdeveloped. In our studies, we found that most commercially available antibodies advertised for smooth muscle cell identification using flow-activated cell scanning (FACS) were, in fact, not able to distinguish between positive and negative controls.

Immigration concerns and social program avoidance: The roles of legal status and family composition among asian and latino communities.

Objectives: Immigration policies significantly affect immigrants and their families' access to social programs. This study examines the role of legal status and familial composition in Asian and Latino adults' avoidance of social programs and assesses differences between the groups. We categorized respondents' familial composition based on whether all household members had the same citizenship status.

Handheld multiphoton and pinhole-free reflectance confocal microscopy enables noninvasive, real-time cross-sectional imaging in skin.

Biopsy-based histology has been the foundation of disease diagnosis and management for over a century. A long-sought goal in dermatology is the development of an imaging modality with sufficient resolution and compositional detail to noninvasively interrogate skin histology in vivo. Here, we describe a system that achieves this goal using cross-sectionally scanned, multimodal microscopy (cross-modal).

A preliminary estimate of the environmental burden of disease associated with exposure to pyrethroid insecticides and ADHD in Europe based on human biomonitoring.

Human biomonitoring (HBM) data indicate that exposure to pyrethroids is widespread in Europe, with significantly higher exposure observed in children compared to adults. Epidemiological, toxicological, and mechanistic studies raise concerns for potential human health effects, particularly, behavioral effects such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children at low levels of exposure. Based on an exposure-response function from a single European study and on available quality-assured and harmonized HBM data collected in France, Germany, Iceland, Switzerland, and Israel, a preliminary estimate of the environmental burden of disease for ADHD associated with pyrethroid exposure was made for individuals aged 0-19 years.