Ageing, Metabolic Dysfunction, and the Therapeutic Role of Antioxidants.

The gradual ageing of the world population has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases, especially type 2 diabetes. The adipose tissue dysfunction associated with ageing and obesity shares many common physiological features, including increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Understanding the mechanisms responsible for adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity may help elucidate the processes that contribute to the metabolic disturbances that occur with ageing.

Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches.

The epidemic of obesity is a major challenge for health policymakers due to its far-reaching effects on population health and potentially overwhelming financial burden on healthcare systems. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of developing acute and chronic diseases, including hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Interestingly, the metabolic dysregulation associated with obesity is similar to that observed in normal aging, and substantial evidence suggests the potential of obesity to accelerate aging.

The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging-Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms.

Aging is associated with the accumulation of cellular damage over the course of a lifetime. This process is promoted in large part by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated via cellular metabolic and respiratory pathways. Pharmacological, nonpharmacological, and genetic interventions have been used to target cellular and mitochondrial networks in an effort to decipher aging and age-related disorders.

Coordinated Pulses of mRNA and of Protein Translation or Degradation Produce EGF-Induced Protein Bursts.

Protein responses to extracellular cues are governed by gene transcription, mRNA degradation and translation, and protein degradation. In order to understand how these time-dependent processes cooperate to generate dynamic responses, we analyzed the response of human mammary cells to the epidermal growth factor (EGF). Integrating time-dependent transcript and protein data into a mathematical model, we inferred for several proteins their pre-and post-stimulus translation and degradation coefficients and found that they exhibit complex, time-dependent variation.

IGF-1 induced HIF-1α-TLR9 cross talk regulates inflammatory responses in glioma.

The insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) regulated genes in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). As HIF-1α links inflammatory and oncogenic pathways in GBM, we investigated whether IGF-1 affects HIF-1α to regulate inflammatory response in glioma cells under normoxia. IGF-1 induced Ras and Calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) regulated HIF-1α transcriptional activity in glioma cells.

Protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage at high altitude in acclimatized lowlanders and native highlanders: relation with oxygen consumption.

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been reported to be increased due to hypobaric hypoxia. It was hypothesized that lowlanders are more susceptible to protein nitration, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage at high altitude than highlanders and formation of these biomarkers may have strong correlation with oxygen consumption. Male volunteers were randomly selected and categorized into 3 groups, i.

Antioxidant and oxidative stress responses of sojourners at high altitude in different climatic temperatures.

High altitude (HA) is a multi-stressor environment comprising hypobaric hypoxia and cold. Climatic temperature varies with seasonal variation at HA. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of ambient temperature on antioxidant profile among sojourners at HA.

Total antioxidant status at high altitude in lowlanders and native highlanders: role of uric acid.

Hypobaric hypoxia causes oxidative stress and the antioxidant system of the body plays a vital role in controlling it. Urate contributes up to two-thirds of the antioxidant capacity of human blood. The urate production is catalyzed by xanthine oxidase with a concomitant release of free radicals.

Antioxidant and redox status after maximal aerobic exercise at high altitude in acclimatized lowlanders and native highlanders.

Exercise-induced increase in oxygen consumption leads to oxidative stress. On the contrary, hypoxia triggers oxidative stress despite decreased oxygen flux. Therefore, exercise under hypoxia may aggravate oxidative damage.

Different adaptation patterns of antioxidant system in natives and sojourners at high altitude.

Comparative studies on the adaptation pattern of antioxidant status among high altitude natives and acclimatized sojourners are very scanty. The aim of the present study was to compare the differences in antioxidant profile between two groups of active male volunteers, i.e.

Improvement of glutathione and total antioxidant status with yoga.

Objective: Several studies suggest that yoga can decrease oxidative stress. However reports are scanty regarding whether yoga training can improve the glutathione level of individual. This study is designed to appraise the role of yoga in maintaining glutathione (reduced and oxidized) levels and antioxidant status.

Evaluation of possible goitrogenic and anti-thyroidal effect of nitrate, a potential environmental pollutant.

Nitrate is a wide spread contaminant of ground and surface water. The source of nitrate in the ground water may be from run off or seepage from fertilized soil, municipal or industrial waste water, land fills, septic system, urban drainage or decaying plants. Human and animal systems are affected severely on nitrate exposure.