Computer-Based Simulation in Blended Learning Curriculum for Hazardous Waste Site Worker Health and Safety Training.

Intended for the interest of individuals and organizations who provide adult/worker training and education, we present a discussion of a computer-based simulation training tool used as part of a hazardous waste site worker health and safety training curriculum. Our objective is to present the simulation's development, implementation, and assessment for learning utility from both trainee and trainer perspectives. The simulation is blended with other curriculum components of training courses and supports small group learning.

Heterogeneous airway versus tissue mechanics and their relation to gas exchange function during mechanical ventilation.

We have advanced a commercially available ventilator (NPB840, Puritan Bennett/Tyco Healthcare, Pleasanton, CA) to deliver an Enhanced Ventilation Waveform (EVW). This EVW delivers a broadband waveform that contains discrete frequencies blended to provide a tidal breath, followed by passive exhalation. The EVW allows breath-by-breath estimates of frequency dependence of lung and total respiratory resistance (R) and elastance (E) from 0.

Monitoring respiratory mechanics during mechanical ventilation: where do the signals come from?

Graphical patient data have become essential to the understanding and management of ventilator-dependent patients. These electronically generated data often reveal clues to subtle complications that, if corrected, could lead to improved patient-ventilator harmony. The apparent precision of the waveforms and the 3- or 4-place display of numeric data imply high accuracy.

Meningitis and encephalitis at the Abbassia Fever Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, from 1966 to 1989.

A total of 7,809 patients with meningitis or encephalitis were admitted to the Abbassia Fever Hospital in Cairo, Egypt from November 1, 1966 to April 30, 1989. The etiology was Neisseria meningitidis (mostly group A) in 27.3% of the patients, Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 19.

Epidemic Shiga bacillus dysentery in Central Africa.

An outbreak of dysentery began late in 1979 in Central Africa and spread to involve a major portion of Zaire as well as Rwanda and Burundi. We traveled to a mission hospital in northeast Zaire during the epidemic and isolated Shigella dysenteriae, type 1, from most of the patients studied. All isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfathiazole, and streptomycin but sensitive to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

A simple kit system for rapid diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis in rural areas of developing countries.

A simple, easily operated, portable diagnostic kit, employing coagglutination reagents, has been developed for the rapid, bedside diagnosis of cerebrospinal meningitis. Field trials using this kit were conducted in a rural area of sub-Saharan Africa for identifying the etiological agents of meningitis outbreaks. West African village medical attendants were taught to use this kit and succeeded in making rapid specific diagnoses of meningitis cases.

Rapid, economical diagnosis of enteric fever by a blood clot culture coagglutination procedure.

Coagglutination tests with Salmonella A, D, Vi, and polyvalent antiserum-sensitized staphylococcal cells were compared with conventional culture methods for detecting salmonellae in ox bile cultures of blood clots from enteric fever patients. The coagglutination tests appeared equally as effective as conventional subculture methods for detecting positive cultures (95% agreement). In addition, the coagglutination method yielded earlier results at reduced cost.

Epidemic group C meningococcal meningitis in Upper Volta, 1979.

Group C meningococci were isolated during an epidemic of meningococcal meningitis which occurred between January and May 1979 in eastern Upper Volta, an area previously associated with endemic and epidemic group A disease. A total of 539 cases of meningitis, 55 of which were fatal, were reported, giving an attack rate of 517 cases per 100 000 inhabitants. Attack rates were higher for children under 15 years of age.

Parathyroid hormone has a positive inotropic action in the rat.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH: synthetic bovine, amino terminus 1-34 amino acids) demonstrates a positive inotropic action on the isolated papillary muscle of the rat heart. The effect was evident at PTH concentration of 10(-12)M, and the maximum inotropic effect occurred with PTH concentrations greater than 10(-11)M. Biologically inactive PTH (PTH treated with H2O2) was without effect.

Enrichment culture coagglutination test for rapid, low-cost diagnosis of salmonellosis.

Specific diagnosis of salmonellosis by conventional culture and identification methods usually requires 2 to 4 days. Since Salmonella may be disseminated from infected individuals during this period, this amount of time required for diagnosis may be too slow to aid in epidemic control. To obtain earlier diagnoses of salmonellosis, a coagglutination test was used for rapid, simplified detection of Salmonella oranienburg antigens in enrichment broth cultures of fecal specimens from infants involved in a nursery outbreak.

A coagglutination method for presumptive identification of Salmonella typhi.

Salmonella group D, Vi and d antisera were used to sensitize A-containing staphylococcal cells. The coagglutination (COAG) reagents thus obtained, termed D-COAG, Vi-COAG and d-COAG were used to test growth taken from Kligler Iron Agar slants following 8-10 hours incubation. In 188 recently isolated strains of S.

Salmonellosis in Indonesia: phage type distribution of Salmonella typhi.

The distribution of phage types was studied among 577 strains of Salmonella typhi from Indonesia. Chemotype, colicinogeny, and tetrathionate reductase activity were also studied for most of these strains. The current phage type formula for Java was determined to be: A, D2, D6, E1a, E2, M1, and 46, but two other large groups of strains were also found, I + IV and degraded Vi+ strains.

Diarrhoeal disorders of bacterial origin in Jakarta.

During a 21-month period from April 1974 to February 1976, 948 children with gastroenteritis were studied. Aetiologic agents were identified in 43% of these patients. Isolates were identified as follows: V.

Salmonellosis in Indonesia: phage type distribution of Salmonella paratyphi A.

The distribution of phage types among 221 human strains of Salmonella paratyphi A in Indonesia was studied. Approximately 50% were phage type 5, a rare type elsewhere in the world. Most other isolates were the cosmopolitan phage type 1.