Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Using Smartphone-Based Fundus Photography and Deep-Learning Artificial Intelligence in the Yucatan Peninsula: A Field Study.

Background: To compare the performance of Medios (offline) and EyeArt (online) artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms for detecting diabetic retinopathy (DR) on images captured using fundus-on-smartphone photography in a remote outreach field setting.

Methods: In June, 2019 in the Yucatan Peninsula, 248 patients, many of whom had chronic visual impairment, were screened for DR using two portable Remidio fundus-on-phone cameras, and 2130 images obtained were analyzed, retrospectively, by Medios and EyeArt. Screening performance metrics also were determined retrospectively using masked image analysis combined with clinical examination results as the reference standard.

Analysis of the Long-term Visual Outcomes of ForeseeHome Remote Telemonitoring: The ALOFT Study.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term visual acuity (VA) and performance of a monitoring strategy with a self-operated artificial-intelligence-enabled home monitoring system in conjunction with standard care for early detection of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).

Design: Retrospective review.

Subjects: Patients with dry-age-related macular degeneration from 5 referral clinics.

Real-World Performance of a Self-Operated Home Monitoring System for Early Detection of Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

The real-world performance of a home telemonitoring strategy (ForeseeHome AMD Monitoring System, Notal Vision, Inc.,Manassas VA, USA) was evaluated and compared to the device arm of the AREDS2-HOME study among patients with intermediate AMD (iAMD) who converted to neovascular AMD (nAMD). All patients with confirmed conversion to nAMD who used the home monitoring system from 10/2009 through 9/2018 were identified by Notal Vision Diagnostic Clinic's medical records.

Evaluation of a combination digital retinal camera with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) that might be used for the screening of diabetic retinopathy with telemedicine: A pilot study.

Aims: Pilot study to determine whether an instrument combining a non-mydriatic retinal camera and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) is effective for screening patients with diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Methods: Case series conducted between 2012 and 2013. DR imaged with a retinal camera/SD-OCT instrument viewed remotely was compared to a dilated examination by a retina specialist.

The effect of the aldose reductase inhibitor, ponalrestat, on the progression of diabetic retinopathy.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of ponalrestat, an aldose reductase inhibitor, on the progression of diabetic retinopathy. In this study, 62 patients with diabetes mellitus underwent a double-masked placebo-controlled clinical trial comparing the effect of ponalrestat 600 mg per day with a placebo on the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Both groups were comparable in terms of age, gender distribution, diabetes duration, metabolic control, and presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy.

Sustained-release ganciclovir therapy for treatment of cytomegalovirus retinitis. Use of an intravitreal device.

A surgically implantable device for sustained intravitreal release of ganciclovir has been developed. The device delivers ganciclovir intraocularly over approximately 4 to 5 months. Eight patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and associated cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis were recruited as part of a phase 1 study.

Efficacy of dacarbazine (DTIC) in preventing metastases arising from intraocular melanomas in mice.

At present there are no chemotherapeutic agents that have been proven to be effective in either preventing or retarding the progression of metastases arising from uveal melanomas in human subjects. Dacarbazine (DTIC), the single most effective chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of cutaneous melanoma, is a potentially useful therapeutic modality for use as an antimetastatic agent in uveal melanoma. However, DTIC has not been evaluated for its ability to impede metastases originating from intraocular melanomas.

Prevention of metastasis of intraocular melanoma in mice treated with difluoromethylornithine.

The antimetastatic potential of a novel chemotherapeutic agent, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), was evaluated in a murine model of intraocular melanoma. In vivo studies demonstrated that DFMO retarded the growth and spontaneous metastasis of murine intraocular melanomas. Further studies indicated that oral DFMO also exercised antimetastatic effects against the blood-borne stage of melanoma metastases.

Intravitreal ganciclovir pharmacokinetics in rabbits and man.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis occurs in immunocompromised patients and can be treated by repeated intravenous or intravitreal injections of ganciclovir (GCV) or foscarnet. Due to toxicity and complications these modalities are not ideal. The development of alternative administration routes is hindered by a lack of pharmacokinetic data.

Mouse model of brachytherapy in consort with enucleation for treatment of malignant intraocular melanoma.

The efficacy of brachytherapy in the treatment and prevention of metastasis of intraocular melanoma was investigated in a mouse model. A highly metastatic subline of B16 melanoma was transplanted into the anterior segment of C57BL/6 mice and allowed to grow. Brachytherapy was delivered by means of miniature iodine 125 seeds implanted in shallow subcutaneous pockets of the upper eyelid margin of these mice, and 25 Gy of radiation was delivered between days 12 and 14.

Dose distribution around a 3.0-mm type 6702 I-125 seed.

The 3M Company recently produced a special version of the type 6702 seed for use in animal studies of ocular melanoma. The seed consists of a single I-125 impregnated ion exchange resin sphere encapsulated in a 3.0-mm-long titanium cylinder, as opposed to the normal 4.

Isolated symptomatic peripheral neuropathy in type 1 insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.

Diabetic neuropathy is probably the most frequent of the chronic complications of diabetes, and is usually found in association with diabetic retinopathy and/or nephropathy. We report seven patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in whom symptomatic peripheral neuropathy was the first and only documented complication. The diagnosis of peripheral symmetrical neuropathy was based on the presence of symptoms and abnormal physical findings, confirmed with abnormal electrophysiological and/or vibratory and thermal threshold measurements.

Progressive capillary nonperfusion in temporal branch retinal vein obstruction.

We studied 31 eyes with nonischemic temporal branch retinal vein obstruction (TBRVO) of six months' duration or less. Each eye had an initial and at least one follow-up fluorescein angiogram according to the clinical course. Five eyes had sufficient additional capillary nonperfusion by angiography to warrant reclassification into the ischemic category.

Contrast sensitivity versus static visual field testing during experimental elevation of intraocular pressure.

Contrast sensitivity testing has been recommended as a more sensitive indicator of early visual loss than visual field testing. Using gravity inversion to induce an intraocular pressure rise, we performed contrast sensitivity testing on each eye of 10 normal subjects in the upright and inverted positions. Contrast sensitivity results were not altered in the head-down position, even though in 5 of the 10 subjects (7 of 20 eyes), visual field alterations on static perimetry were elicited during inversion.

Clinical evaluation of the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer.

The Mackay-Marg tonometer has been shown to be an accurate tonometer for the measurement of intraocular pressure in eyes with both normal and diseased corneas. This tonometer is no longer manufactured and has been replaced by the Cavitron Biotronics tonometer that works on the same principle but utilizes a different recording display. The Cavitron Biotronics tonometer's accuracy was compared with that of the Goldmann applanation tonometer in 75 eyes.

The afferent pupillary defect in asymmetric glaucoma.

The OCTOPUS 2000 perimeter and a central 30 degrees program were used to study consecutively 27 patients with glaucoma who had either a relative afferent pupillary defect (APD) or asymmetric optic nerve cupping without an APD. The mean difference in visual field sensitivity between fellow eyes was 48.2% (range, 13% to 93%) for the APD group and 5.

Reduction of enucleation-induced metastasis in intraocular melanoma by periorbital irradiation.

The optimum treatment of malignant choroidal melanoma remains controversial. Some authors have hypothesized that enucleation promotes metastatic disease. This hypothesis has been demonstrated in the B16F10 melanoma mouse model.