Environmental sustainability in cardiovascular practice: current challenges and future directions.

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, with a substantial amount of health-care resources targeted towards its diagnosis and management. Environmental sustainability in cardiovascular care can have an important role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and pollution and could be beneficial for improving health metrics and societal well-being and minimizing the cost of health care. In this Review, we discuss the motivations and frameworks for sustainable cardiovascular care with an emphasis on the reduction of the climate-related and environmental effects of cardiovascular care.

Chern Insulator States with Tunable Chern Numbers in a Graphene Moiré Superlattice.

Moiré superlattices, constituted by two-dimensional materials, demonstrate a variety of strongly correlated and topological phenomena including correlated insulators, superconductivity, and integer/fractional Chern insulators. In the realm of topological nontrivial Chern insulators within specific moiré superlattices, previous studies usually observe a single Chern number at a given filling factor in a device. Here we present the observation of gate-tunable Chern numbers within the Chern insulator state of an ABC-stacked trilayer graphene/hexagonal boron nitride moiré superlattice device.

Low Resistance Contact to P-Type Monolayer WSe.

Advanced microelectronics in the future may require semiconducting channel materials beyond silicon. Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors, with their atomically thin thickness, hold great promise for future electronic devices. One challenge to achieving high-performance 2D semiconductor field effect transistors (FET) is the high contact resistance at the metal-semiconductor interface.

Engineering correlated insulators in bilayer graphene with a remote Coulomb superlattice.

Electron superlattices allow the engineering of correlated and topological quantum phenomena. The recent emergence of moiré superlattices in two-dimensional heterostructures has led to exciting discoveries related to quantum phenomena. However, the requirement for the moiré pattern poses stringent limitations, and its potential cannot be switched on and off.

Impact of Menopause and Body Composition Status on Dyslipidemia in Women.

The aim of this study was to identify the effects of menopausal and body composition statuses on measures of total and regional body composition and dyslipidemia in women. Sedentary, non-smoking women (N = 212), not currently treated for dyslipidemia were grouped based on 2 categories: (1) menstrual status: premenopausal or postmenopausal and (2) body composition status: normal weight (NW; BMI < 25 kg/m² and body fat (BF) < 36%), normal weight obese (NWO; BMI < 25 kg/m² and BF > 36%), or obese (BMI > 25 kg/m² and BF > 36%), to determine differences in total and regional body composition and measures of lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations. Overall, a greater prevalence of NWO was observed in postmenopausal versus premenopausal women.

Correction to: Tat expression led to increased histone 3 tri-methylation at lysine 27 and contributed to HIV latency in astrocytes through regulation of MeCP2 and Ezh2 expression.

In the original article the name of author Chris Sanborn was misspelled. It is correct here. Also, in the Acknowledgments section there was an error in the NIH/NINDS grant numbers.

Interfacial Electron Transfer of Ferrocene Immobilized onto Indium Tin Oxide through Covalent and Noncovalent Interactions.

The immobilization of molecular species onto electrodes presents a direct route to modifying surface properties with molecular fidelity. Conventional methods include direct covalent attachment and physisorption of pyrene-appended molecular compounds to electrodes with aromatic character through π-π interactions. A recently reported hybrid approach extends the synthetic flexibility of the latter to a broader range of electrode materials.

Observation of Photovoltaic Action from Photoacid-Modified Nafion Due to Light-Driven Ion Transport.

Replacing passive ion-exchange membranes, like Nafion, with membranes that use light to drive ion transport would allow membranes in photoelectrochemical technologies to serve in an active role. Toward this, we modified perfluorosulfonic acid ionomer membranes with organic pyrenol-based photoacid dyes to sensitize the membranes to visible light and initiate proton transport. Covalent modification of the membranes was achieved by reacting Nafion sulfonyl fluoride poly(perfluorosulfonyl fluoride) membranes with the photoacid 8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-tris(2-aminoethylsulfonamide).

Macracanthorhynchus ingens Infection in an 18-Month-Old Child in Florida: A Case Report and Review of Acanthocephaliasis in Humans.

A case of acanthocephaliasis in an 18-month-old child caused by Macracanthorhynchus ingens is reported from Florida. This represents only the third documented case of this species in a human host. An overview of human cases of acanthocephaliasis in the literature is presented, along with a review of the biology, clinical manifestations and pathology in the human host, morphology, and diagnosis.

Fatigue and Oxidative Stress in Children Undergoing Leukemia Treatment.

Fatigue is a frequent and distressing symptom in children undergoing leukemia treatment; however, little is known about factors influencing this symptom. Antioxidants such as glutathione can decrease symptom severity in adult oncology patients, but no study has evaluated antioxidants' effects on symptoms in pediatric oncology patients. This study describes fatigue patterns and associations of fatigue with antioxidants represented by reduced glutathione (GSH) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio among children receiving leukemia treatment.

Neutropenia Precautions for Children Receiving Chemotherapy or Stem Cell Transplantation for Cancer.

Infections in children and adolescents with cancer are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in those receiving chemotherapy who are neutropenic and/or immunocompromised. The aim of this article is to review existing evidence in order to provide a practice recommendation to prevent or minimize infections in neutropenic and/or immunocompromised patients receiving chemotherapy and/or stem cell transplant. Systematic reviews were undertaken and research was graded according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria.

Relationship of thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis to bone mineral density in women.

Unlabelled: The relationship between spinal curvature and bone mineral density (BMD) in women was examined. Significant relationships were observed between spinal curvature and BMD in both pre- and postmenopausal women. Excessive spinal curvature may be associated with low bone mass in premenopausal women.

Evidence for Family-Meakin dynamical scaling in island growth and coalescence during vapor phase deposition.

Using real-time grazing-incidence small-angle x-ray scattering, we find that the processes of island formation and coalescence during the room-temperature vapor phase deposition of aluminum lead to dynamical scaling of the evolving surface morphology. The scaling is quantitatively consistent with the self-similarity predicted by the Family-Meakin model, which was developed to describe liquid droplet deposition, growth, and coalescence. The Family-Meakin model assumes only that atomic diffusion over the substrate between islands or droplets is negligible and that diffusion between impinging islands or droplets is sufficient to give complete coalescence.

DNA sequence variants in the carbonyl reductase 1 (cbr1) gene in seven breeds of Canis lupus familiaris.

The anticancer anthracyclines doxorubicin and daunorubicin are used to treat a variety of cancers in dogs. The therapeutic utility of anthracyclines is limited by cardiotoxicity in some cases. Synthesis of anthracycline alcohol metabolites by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1) is crucial for the pathogenesis of cardiotoxicity.

Direct measurement of microstructural avalanches during the martensitic transition of cobalt using coherent x-ray scattering.

Heterogeneous microscale dynamics in the martensitic phase transition of cobalt is investigated with real-time x-ray scattering. During the transformation of the high-temperature face-centered cubic phase to the low-temperature hexagonal close-packed phase, the structure factor evolution suggests that an initial rapid local transformation is followed by a slower period during which strain relaxes. Coherent x-ray scattering measurements performed during the latter part of the transformation show that the kinetics is dominated by discontinuous sudden changes-avalanches.

Expression of the anthracycline-metabolizing enzyme carbonyl reductase 1 in hearts from donors with Down syndrome.

Cancer patients with Down syndrome (DS) are susceptible to developing anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity. The pathogenesis of anthracycline-related cardiotoxicity has been linked to the intracardiac synthesis of alcohol metabolites by carbonyl reductase 1 (CBR1). CBR1 is located in the DS critical region (21q22.

The effects of whole body vibration on bone mineral density for a person with a spinal cord injury: a case study.

Bone mineral density (BMD) loss is a medical concern for individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI). Concerns related to osteoporosis have lead researchers to use various interventions to address BMD loss within this population. Whole body vibration (WBV) has been reported to improve BMD for postmenopausal women and suggested for SCI.

Impact of curriculum-based bone loading and nutrition education program on bone accrual in children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of jumping activities and nutrition education on bone accretion in prepubescents. Fourth-grade children were divided into four groups: jumping (n = 61), nutrition (n = 9), jumping plus nutrition (n = 14), and control (n = 28). Interventions spanned the fourth and fifth grade academic years.

Predictors of body size stigmatization in Hispanic preschool children.

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to verify the occurrence of body size stigmatization in Hispanic preschoolers who are "at risk" for obesity and to examine potential predictors of body size stigmatization.

Methods And Procedures: At a local preschool, 70 lower-socioeconomic, Hispanic caregivers and their preschoolers participated. Preschoolers completed an attribution task including positive and negative adjectives to assess body size stigmatization.

Bone density and young athletic women. An update.

High-school girls and collegiate women have tremendous opportunities to participate in athletic teams. Young girls are also playing in club and select teams at an early age and often, year-round. There are many benefits for participating in sport and physical activity on both the physical and mental health of girls and women.

American College of Sports Medicine position stand. The female athlete triad.

The female athlete triad (Triad) refers to the interrelationships among energy availability, menstrual function, and bone mineral density, which may have clinical manifestations including eating disorders, functional hypothalamic amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. With proper nutrition, these same relationships promote robust health. Athletes are distributed along a spectrum between health and disease, and those at the pathological end may not exhibit all these clinical conditions simultaneously.

Modified activity-stress paradigm in an animal model of the female athlete triad.

The exercising woman with nutritional deficits and related menstrual irregularities is at risk of compromising long-term bone health, i.e., the female athlete triad.

Perceptions of health status and play activities in parents of overweight Hispanic toddlers and preschoolers.

Childhood overweight among lower socioeconomic, Hispanic children has increased. Interviews regarding health status and play patterns were conducted with 76 predominantly Hispanic mothers of overweight toddlers and preschoolers served by Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Most participants believed their child was healthy and half were unconcerned about their child's weight.