A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to detect emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis harbouring pESI plasmid in seafood.

Background: Salmonella Infantis is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen worldwide due to the acquisition of a megaplasmid pESI (Plasmid of Emerging Salmonella Infantis). Reported initially from poultry, the distribution of pESI-harbouring S. Infantis in other food types, including seafood, is unknown.

Gut microbiome as biomarker for triclosan toxicity in Labeo rohita: bioconcentration, immunotoxicity and metagenomic profiling.

Triclosan (TCS) is a lipophilic, broad spectrum antimicrobial agent commonly used in personal care products with a projected continuous escalation in aquatic environments in the post COVID 19 era. There is rich documentation in the literature on the alteration of physiological responses in fish due to TCS exposure; however, studies on gut associated bacteria of fish are still scarce. This is the first attempt to determine changes in bacterial community structure due to exposure of TCS on Labeo rohita, a commercially essential freshwater species, using 16S V3-V4 region ribosomal RNA (rRNA) next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Major facilitator superfamily efflux pumps in human pathogens: Role in multidrug resistance and beyond.

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) of proteins constitutes a large group of related solute transporters found across all known living taxa of organisms. The transporters of the MFS contain an extremely diverse array of substrates, including ions, molecules of intermediary metabolism, and structurally different antimicrobial agents. First discovered over 30 years ago, the MFS represents an important collection of integral membrane transporters.

Phosphide-Based Electrocatalysts for Urea Electrolysis: Recent Trends and Progress.

Electrolysis is a trend in producing hydrogen as a fuel for renewable energy development, and urea electrolysis is considered as one of the advanced electrolysis processes, where efficient materials still need to be explored. Notably, urea electrolysis came into existence to counter-part the electrode reactions in water electrolysis, which has hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Among those reactions, OER is sluggish and limits water splitting.

Dynamics of efflux pumps in antimicrobial resistance, persistence, and community living of Vibrionaceae.

The marine bacteria of the Vibrionaceae family are significant from the point of view of their role in the marine geochemical cycle, as well as symbionts and opportunistic pathogens of aquatic animals and humans. The well-known pathogens of this group, Vibrio cholerae, V. parahaemolyticus, and V.

Pathogenicity of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) after multiple passages in mud crab, Scylla olivacea.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a highly virulent shrimp pathogen with a broad host range. Among the hosts, though mud crab, Scylla olivacea is reported to be more susceptible to WSSV than S. serrata and S.

Replication cycle timing determines phage sensitivity to a cytidine deaminase toxin/antitoxin bacterial defense system.

Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous two-gene loci that bacteria use to regulate cellular processes such as phage defense. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which a novel type III TA system, avcID, is activated and confers resistance to phage infection. The toxin of the system (AvcD) is a deoxycytidylate deaminase that converts deoxycytidines (dC) to dexoyuridines (dU), while the RNA antitoxin (AvcI) inhibits AvcD activity.

Activation of a CBASS anti-phage system by quorum sensing and folate depletion.

To counteract infection with phage, bacteria have evolved a myriad of molecular defense systems. Some of these systems initiate a process called abortive infection, in which the infected cell kills itself to prevent phage propagation. However, such systems must be inhibited in the absence of phage infection to prevent spurious death of the host.

Anchoring Polydopamine on ZnCo O Nanowire To Facilitate Urea Water Electrolysis.

To overcome the sluggishness of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the urea oxidation reaction was developed. In the case of OER application studies ZnCo O is an excellent electrocatalyst, towards the UOR has been performed with surface-grown polydopamine (PDA) with surface-grown polydopamine (PDA). ZnCo O @PDA is produced over the surface of nickel foam by a hydrothermal method followed by self-polymerization of dopamine hydrochloride.

Inhibition of Multidrug Efflux Pumps Belonging to the Major Facilitator Superfamily in Bacterial Pathogens.

Bacterial pathogens resistant to multiple structurally distinct antimicrobial agents are causative agents of infectious disease, and they thus constitute a serious concern for public health. Of the various bacterial mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance, active efflux is a well-known system that extrudes clinically relevant antimicrobial agents, rendering specific pathogens recalcitrant to the growth-inhibitory effects of multiple drugs. In particular, multidrug efflux pump members of the major facilitator superfamily constitute central resistance systems in bacterial pathogens.

Physiological characteristics and virulence gene composition of selected serovars of seafood-borne .

Background And Aim: All serotypes of are considered potentially pathogenic. However, the non-typhoidal (NTS) serotypes vary considerably in terms of pathogenicity and the severity of infections. Although diverse serotypes of NTS have been reported from tropical seafood, their sources, physiological characteristics, and virulence potentials are not well understood.

The Major Facilitator Superfamily and Antimicrobial Resistance Efflux Pumps of the ESKAPEE Pathogen .

The ESKAPEE bacterial pathogen has posed a serious public health concern for centuries. Throughout its evolutionary course, has developed strains with resistance to antimicrobial agents. The bacterial pathogen has acquired multidrug resistance, causing, in many cases, untreatable infectious diseases and raising serious public safety and healthcare concerns.

Time to lysis determines phage sensitivity to a cytidine deaminase toxin/antitoxin bacterial defense system.

Unlabelled: Toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous two-gene loci that bacteria use to regulate cellular processes such as phage defense. Here, we demonstrate the mechanism by which a novel type III TA system, , is activated and confers resistance to phage infection. The toxin of the system (AvcD) is a deoxycytidylate deaminase that converts deoxycytidines (dC) to dexoyuridines (dU), while the RNA antitoxin (AvcI) inhibits AvcD activity.

First report of a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis carrying pESI megaplasmid isolated from marine shrimp in India.

Background: Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) in seafood is an important human health concern. An emerging strain of NTS serovar Infantis carrying a megaplasmid pESI and resistant to multipe drugs has been responsible for frequent food-borne human infections worldwide.

Methods: S.

Membrane Efflux Pumps of Pathogenic Species: Role in Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence.

Infectious diseases caused by bacterial species of the genus have had considerable significance upon human health for centuries. is the causative microbial agent of cholera, a severe ailment characterized by profuse watery diarrhea, a condition associated with epidemics, and seven great historical pandemics. causes wound infection and watery diarrhea, while can cause wound infections and septicemia.

Comparative analysis of unwashed and single washed mince gel from Indian major carps.

The gelling properties and quality characteristics of unwashed and single washed mince of catla, rohu and mrigal have been investigated to find out suitability of Indian major carps for the preparation of mince gel. The higher moisture content and lower protein content was reported in the single washed mince. The single washing of mince did not improve the gel strength.

Exploring the physical and quality attributes of muffins incorporated with microencapsulated squalene as a functional food additive.

Unlabelled: Squalene, a triterpenoid compound is proven to possess immense bioactivities by virtue of its high antioxidant activity. The present study was designed to investigate the quality attributes of muffins as influenced by addition of encapsulated squalene. Nutritional analysis showed that calorific value of prepared muffins has ranged from 480.

Three Draft Genome Sequences of White Spot Syndrome Virus from India.

White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen causing significant economic losses to shrimp aquaculture worldwide. Previously, five genome sequences of the virus from farmed shrimp (Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus monodon) in India were reported, all originating from farms located on the east coast of the country. Here, we report three new and distinct WSSV genome sequences, two from shrimp () farmed on the west coast of India and the third from the east coast.

Survival of the bla-harbouring Escherichia coli in tropical seawater and conjugative transfer of resistance markers.

Anthropogenic contamination of coastal-marine water is responsible for introducing multidrug-resistant bacteria such as the pNDM-harbouring Escherichia coli into the seafood chain. This study was conducted to understand the survivability of a multidrug-resistant, the New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase-producing E. coli (AS-EC121) in tropical seawater at room temperature (28-32 °C) compared to E.

Bacterial Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents.

Bacterial pathogens as causative agents of infection constitute an alarming concern in the public health sector. In particular, bacteria with resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents can confound chemotherapeutic efficacy towards infectious diseases. Multidrug-resistant bacteria harbor various molecular and cellular mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance.

Tuning up the photovoltaic performances upon the utility of diketopyrrolopyrrole in PEO-based gel polymer electrolytes.

The role of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP-H) as an additive on the ionic conductivity of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPE) was studied for DSSC applications. The pure PEO/PC/KI/TPAI/I2 GPE was prepared with a mixture of propylene carbonate (PC) as a non-volatile plasticizer and iodide salts, such as potassium iodide (KI), tetrapropylammonium iodide (TPAI) and iodine (I2), together with PEO. The modified GPEs were prepared with different weight percentage (wt%) ratios (0.

Dose-dependent co-infection of Argulus sp. and Aeromonas hydrophila in goldfish (Carassius auratus) modulates innate immune response and antioxidative stress enzymes.

Co-infection with parasites and bacteria is of frequent occurrence in aquaculture, leads to growth impedance otherwise mortality in fish depending on the varying degree of a load of primary pathogen either parasite or bacteria. The mechanistic regulation of immune response during co-infection in fish has merely documented. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of co-infection with Aeromonas hydrophila at three exposure doses of Argulus sp.