The protective effects of breastfeeding on chronic non-communicable diseases in adulthood: A review of evidence.

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including cardiovascular diseases, cancers, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, etc., are the major causes of mortality in the world, notably in low- and middle-income countries. A growing body of evidence suggests that NCDs have a complex etiology resulting from the interaction of genetic factors, gender, age, ethnicity, and the environmental factors.

A randomized triple-masked controlled trial on the effects of synbiotics on inflammation markers in overweight children.

Objective: the low degree of inflammation in obesity contributes to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Recent experimental studies proposed some effects of alteration in gut microbiota on inflammatory factors. This study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of a synbiotic supplement on inflammation markers in overweight and obese children and adolescents.

Independent association between air pollutants and vitamin D deficiency in young children in Isfahan, Iran.

Objectives: To determine the association between air pollution and vitamin D status in young children living in a sunny region.

Methods: This cross-sectional study of 100 children aged 4-10 years in Isfahan was conducted during 2011-2012. This industrial city has an arid climate and is the second most air-polluted city in Iran.

Determinants of hypovitaminosis d in pregnant women and their newborns in a sunny region.

Introduction. This study aims to assess the factors associated with 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels in pregnant women and their newborns in a sunny region. Materials and Methods.

Comparison of long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content in human milk in preterm and term deliveries and its correlation with mothers' diet.

Background: Human milk (HM) is the main food for infants, and phospholipids, especially long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), play an essential role in the growth and brain development. This study was designed to evaluate the fatty acid composition in HM of mothers with preterm and full-term newborns and to determine the relationships of dietary intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) of mothers and the content of these fatty acids in their milks.

Materials And Methods: The AA and DHA of HM were determined by gas chromatography at the 3(rd) day after birth from mothers of 59 term and 58 preterm infants.

Probiotics as a novel treatment for non-alcoholic Fatty liver disease; a systematic review on the current evidences.

Context: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease, with 5-10% of liver having extra fat. Increase in its prevalence in all age groups is linked with obesity and Type II diabetes. The treatment of NAFLD remains controversial.

A study on lipid content and fatty acid of breast milk and its association with mother's diet composition.

Introduction: The aim of our study was to determine the content of fat and fatty acid composition of breast milk, and its association with the mother's diet.

Materials And Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among pregnant mothers who came to health care centers for last prenatal care in Isfahan, Iran. Eight to 72 hours after delivery, 2 to 5 ml of colostrum was collected by hand into tubes.

Salt intake and the association with blood pressure in young Iranian children: first report from the middle East and north Africa.

Background: This study aimed to assess the salt intake of Iranian children, and to assess the correlation of urinary electrolytes excretion with blood pressure.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 3-10-year-old children, selected by multi-stage cluster sampling from urban and rural areas of Isfahan, Iran. The sodium (Na), potassium (K), and creatinine (Cr) were measured in a random sample of the children's first morning fasting urine.

The effects of synbiotic supplementation on some cardio-metabolic risk factors in overweight and obese children: a randomized triple-masked controlled trial.

Recent studies have suggested some beneficial effects of probiotics on controlling excess weight in adults; such experience is limited in the pediatric age group. This study aimed to assess the anti-obesity and lipid-lowering effects of a synbiotic supplement among children and adolescents. We conducted a randomized triple-masked controlled trial among 70 participants aged 6-18 years with body mass index (BMI) equal or higher than 85th percentile.