Hepatitis B Virus x Protein Increases Cellular OCT3/4 and MYC and Facilitates Cellular Reprogramming.

Hepatitis B virus x (HBx) is a multifunctional protein coded by the Hepatitis B virus that is involved in various cellular processes such as proliferation, cell survival/apoptosis, and histone methylation. HBx was reported to be associated with liver "cancer stem cells." The stemness inducing properties of HBx could also facilitate the generation of pluripotent stem cells from somatic cells.

Internal Ileal Diversion as Treatment for Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis Type 1-Associated Graft Inflammation and Steatosis after Liver Transplantation.

Background: Progressive Familial Intrahepatic cholestasis type I (PFIC1) is a rare congenital hepatopathy causing cholestasis with progressive liver disease. Surgical interruption of the enterohepatic circulation, e.g.

Excision of an Anovestibular Fistula with a Normal Anus Using a Biopsy Punch.

Among anorectal malformations (ARM), the isolated H type anovestibular fistula (AVF) with a normal anus is a rarity, affecting only approximately 3% of patients with anorectal malformations. AVFs are abnormal, epithelial-lined connections between the anal canal and vestibulum, and their management is a challenge for surgeons. Complete excision of the entire fistula tract is the goal of treatment, but this can often be difficult.

Cloning of human ene in . required the removal of an intragenic Pribnow-Schaller Box before it's Insertion into genomic safe harbor AAVS1 site using CRISPR-Cas9.

Genomic safe harbors are sites in the genome which are safe for gene insertion such that the inserted gene will function properly, and the disruption of the genomic location doesn't cause any foreseeable risk to the host. The AAVS1 site is the genetic location which is disrupted upon integration of adeno associated virus (AAV) and is considered a 'safe-harbor' in human genome because about one-third of humans are infected with AAV and so far there is no apodictic evidence that AAV is pathogenic or disruption of AAVS1 causes any disease in man.  Therefore, we chose to target the AAVS1 site for the insertion of , a bile acid transporter which is defective in progressive familial intra hepatic cholestasis type-2 (PFIC-2), a lethal disease of children where cytotoxic bile salts accumulate inside hepatocytes killing them and eventually the patient.

Glibenclamide, ATP and metformin increases the expression of human bile salt export pump ABCB11.

Bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is important in the maintenance of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids and drugs. Drugs such as rifampicin and glibenclamide inhibit BSEP. Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type-2, a lethal pediatric disease, some forms of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, and drug-induced cholestasis are associated with BSEP dysfunction.

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of biofilm forming, antimicrobial resistant, pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from Indian dairy and meat products.

Escherichia coli are commensal gastrointestinal microflora of humans, but few strains may cause food-borne diseases. Present study aimed to identify antimicrobial resistant (AMR), biofilm-forming E. coli from Indian dairy and meat products.

Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning: The Future of Medicine and Medical Practice.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and access to "Big Data" together with the evolving techniques in biotechnology will change the medical practice a big way. Many diseases such as type II diabetes will no longer be considered as a single disease. Many familiar cancers such as cancer of liver or pancreas will have hundreds of subtypes whose management will be very different.

Characterization of liver specific promoters in a foamy viral vector pMD09.

Foamy viruses (FVs) or spumaviruses are retroviruses that are explored as vectors for gene therapy. The good feature of foamy viruses is its broad tropism; however, their infections result in non-targeted gene expression. Here, we attempted to design the liver targeted viral gene delivery by employing liver specific gene promoters like albumin (ALB), transthyretin (TTR) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) promoters.

TGF-β induces liver fibrosis via miRNA-181a-mediated down regulation of augmenter of liver regeneration in hepatic stellate cells.

Objective: To study the role of miRNA-181a and augmenter of liver regeneration in TGF-β-induced fibrosis in hepatic stellate cells.

Methods: LX2 cells were treated with 20 ng/ml TGF-β for 24 h. miRNA-181a, ALR plasmid and empty vectors were transfected using siPORT NeoFx reagent.

Treatment of Congenital Gastric Outlet Obstruction due to a Web: A Retrospective Single-center Review.

Background: Congenital gastric antral web and congenital pyloric atresia are rare reasons of congenital gastric outlet obstruction (CGOO). Depending on the different forms, the symptoms vary from unspecific epigastric pain to nonbilious "projectile" vomiting, ileus and failure to thrive. Throughout the years, many different treatment options are described, like simple surgical dilatation, incision or excision of the membrane, possibly combined with a pyloroplasty.

The feasibility of routine use of distal stoma refeeding method in newborns with enterostomy.

Temporary enterostomies are life-saving in neonatal surgery, however, causing loss of fluid electrolyte, delays in distal bowel adaptation and thus delayed growth of newborns. In this study, we aimed to present the method and clinical results of distal stoma refeeding in premature and mature neonates. Between January 2012 and December 2017, records of newborn patients who underwent enterostomy and distal stoma refeeding were retrospectively analyzed.

Surgical treatment pattern and outcomes in epithelial ovarian cancer patients from a cancer institute in Kerala, India.

Objective: To evaluate the treatment and survival pattern of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods And Results: Retrospective study of all advanced epithelial ovarian cancer patients treated in the department of gynaecologic oncology from an academic centre, in a four year period from 1 January 2008-31 December 2011.

Selection Criteria: All patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (stage III and IV) who underwent surgery from 2008-2011and had a follow-up of at least three months after completion of treatment were included.

Cell therapy from bench to bedside: Hepatocytes from fibroblasts - the truth and myth of transdifferentiation.

Hepatocyte transplantation is an alternative to liver transplantation in certain disorders such as inherited liver diseases and liver failure. It is a relatively less complicated surgical procedure, and has the advantage that it can be repeated several times if unsuccessful. Another advantage is that hepatocytes can be isolated from partly damaged livers which are not suitable for liver transplantation.

Diagnosis, PET/CT imaging, and treatment of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma in keratinized gingiva: a case report.

A 58-year-old patient who smoked and had uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus was referred to our clinic. The patient had a suspicious asymptomatic lesion that was diagnosed as B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). Immunohistochemistry revealed intense and diffuse expression of CD20, CD10, BCL-6, and Ki-67.

Biomarkers in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease-the emperor has no clothes?

Fatty liver is present in over ten percentage of the world population and it is a growing public health problem. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is not a single disease, but encompasses a spectrum of diseases of different etiologies. It is difficult to find highly specific and sensitive diagnostic biomarkers when a disease is very complex.

A highly efficient method for generation of therapeutic quality human pluripotent stem cells by using naive induced pluripotent stem cells nucleus for nuclear transfer.

Even after several years since the discovery of human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), we are still unable to make any significant therapeutic benefits out of them such as cell therapy or generation of organs for transplantation. Recent success in somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) made it possible to generate diploid embryonic stem cells, which opens up the way to make high-quality pluripotent stem cells. However, the process is highly inefficient and hence expensive compared to the generation of iPSC.

Retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma: a diagnostic and surgical challenge.

A lymphangioma is a benign proliferation of lymph vessels, producing fluid-filled cysts that result from a blockage of the lymphatic system. The incidence of abdominal lymphangiomas is unknown; however they account for from 3% to 9.2% of all pediatric lymphangiomas, with retroperitoneal lymphangioma representing less than 1% of abdominal lymphangiomas.

Vitamin-C as anti-Helicobacter pylori agent: More prophylactic than curative- Critical review.

Potential of nonantibiotic therapies for treatment of Helicobacter pylori-related acid peptic disease remains underexplored. Several clinical studies have shown that higher prevalence of H. pylori infection is associated with low Vitamin C (Vit C) level in serum and gastric juice.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: the concept and confusion.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is generally considered as a disease associated with diabetes mellitus type 2. But on a closer evaluation we realize a host of confusion associated with this from the nomenclature, diagnosis to pathogenesis. The term refers to a spectrum ranging from steatosis to steatosis with inflammation (NASH) to cirrhosis in the absence of alcohol abuse.

Future of liver transplantation: non-human primates for patient-specific organs from induced pluripotent stem cells.

Strategies to fill the huge gap in supply versus demand of human organs include bioartificial organs, growing humanized organs in animals, cell therapy, and implantable bioengineered constructs. Reproducing the complex relations between different cell types, generation of adequate vasculature, and immunological complications are road blocks in generation of bioengineered organs, while immunological complications limit the use of humanized organs produced in animals. Recent developments in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) biology offer a possibility of generating human, patient-specific organs in non-human primates (NHP) using patient-derived iPSC and NHP-derived iPSC lacking the critical developmental genes for the organ of interest complementing a NHP tetraploid embryo.