Relationship between gene expression associated with cellular senescence in cells from discarded wound dressings and wound healing: A retrospective cohort study.

Aim: Senescent cells, inducing a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), lead to chronic inflammation in hard-to-heal wound tissue. However, eliminating senescent cells may impede normal wound healing due to their important role in the wound healing mechanism. Accordingly, we focused on wound exudates in hard-to-heal wounds, which contain many inflammation biomarkers consistent with SASP.

Preoperative stoma site marking reduces postoperative stoma-related complications in emergency surgery: A single center retrospective cohort study.

Background And Objective: Stoma site marking is an important factor in reducing stoma-related complications, thereby influencing the long-term quality of life in the elective setting. The impact of preoperative stoma site marking in emergency stoma creation is largely unknown. We aimed to determine whether preoperative stoma site marking in emergency stoma creation reduces stoma-related complications.

Effects of Multilayer Silicone Foam Dressings for the Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

To determine whether multilayer silicone foam dressings can prevent pressure ulcers arising in the sacrum and coccyx of patients with persistent severe diarrhea and/or fragile skin. This randomized, 14-day controlled trial included 600 hospitalized patients with persistent severe diarrhea and/or fragile skin who were at high risk of developing pressure ulcers. All participants were enrolled from three Japanese institutions.

Assessing subclinical inflammation by peroxidase detection in patients with pressure ulcers.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the superiority of peroxidase detection of macroscopic observations using rat wounds, and to test the external validity of the peroxidase analysis in pressure ulcers (PU) in humans.

Method: In the animal study, rat wounds were analysed. A cross-sectional study analysed, by wound blotting, exudate samples from full-thickness PUs.

Color Doppler Ultrasonography to Evaluate Hypoechoic Areas in Pressure Ulcers: A Report of Two Cases.

Ultrasound (US) is frequently used for evaluating inflammation of subcutaneous tissue caused by pressure ulcers (PUs), but color Doppler mode (CDM) helps to better identify inflammatory edema in subcutaneous fat and necrotic tissue in PUs. We report two cases where inflammatory edema in subcutaneous fat and necrotic tissue in PUs are identified using small US equipment with CDM. Case 1 - An 82-year-old male presented with cerebral infarction and a Category III PU in the sacral region.

Biofilm detection by wound blotting can predict slough development in pressure ulcers: A prospective observational study.

Bacteria have been found to form multicellular aggregates which have collectively been termed "biofilms." It is hypothesized that biofilm formation is a means to protect bacterial cells including protection form the immune response of humans. This protective mechanism is believed to explain persistent chronic wound infections.

Lower temperature at the wound edge detected by thermography predicts undermining development in pressure ulcers: a pilot study.

Undermined pressure ulcers (PUs) are troublesome complications that are likely to delay wound healing. Early skin incision and debridement can prevent the deterioration of undermined PUs, thus it is necessary to identify devitalised tissue areas to determine the appropriate timing for such interventions. This retrospective cohort study evaluated whether a lower temperature at the wound edge than the wound bed and periwound skin, detected by thermography, can predict undermining development in PUs 1 week after the assessment.

Distinct cross-reactive B-cell responses to live attenuated and inactivated influenza vaccines.

Background: The immunological bases for the efficacies of the 2 currently licensed influenza vaccines, live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) and inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), are not fully understood. The goal of this study was to identify specific B-cell responses correlated with the known efficacies of these 2 vaccines.

Methods: We compared the B-cell and antibody responses after immunization with 2010/2011 IIV or LAIV in young adults, focusing on peripheral plasmablasts 6-8 days after vaccination.

The reliability and validity of color indicators using digital image analysis of peristomal skin photographs: results of a preliminary prospective clinical study.

Accurate assessment is necessary to evaluate peristomal skin condition, but objective methods are lacking. The purpose of this prospective, repeated-measures study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of color indicators using digital image analysis of peristomal skin photographs. The 6-month study was conducted among 21 patients (mean age 65.

Wound blotting: a convenient biochemical assessment tool for protein components in exudate of chronic wounds.

Because wound exudate includes secreted proteins that affect wound healing, its biochemical analysis is useful for objective assessment of chronic wounds. Wound blotting allows for collection of fresh exudate by attaching a nitrocellulose membrane onto the wound surface. To determine its applicability for several analysis methods and its executability in clinical wound assessment, this study comprised an animal experiment and clinical case reports.

Lineage structure of the human antibody repertoire in response to influenza vaccination.

The human antibody repertoire is one of the most important defenses against infectious disease, and the development of vaccines has enabled the conferral of targeted protection to specific pathogens. However, there are many challenges to measuring and analyzing the immunoglobulin sequence repertoire, including that each B cell's genome encodes a distinct antibody sequence, that the antibody repertoire changes over time, and the high similarity between antibody sequences. We have addressed these challenges by using high-throughput long read sequencing to perform immunogenomic characterization of expressed human antibody repertoires in the context of influenza vaccination.

Combination of thermographic and ultrasonographic assessments for early detection of deep tissue injury.

Early detection and intervention of deep tissue injury are important to lead good outcome. Although the efficiency of ultrasonographic assessment of deep tissue injury has been reported previously, it requires a certain level of skill for accurate assessment. In this study, we present an investigation of the combination of thermographic and ultrasonographic assessments for early detection of deep tissue injury.

Heterovariant cross-reactive B-cell responses induced by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus A subtype H1N1 vaccine.

Background: The generation of heterovariant immunity is a highly desirable feature of influenza vaccines. The goal of this study was to compare the heterovariant B-cell response induced by the monovalent inactivated 2009 pandemic influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A[H1N1]pdm09) vaccine with that induced by the 2009 seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine (sTIV) containing a seasonal influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A[H1N1]) component in young and elderly adults.

Methods: Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibodies (PPAb) from young and elderly recipients of A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine or sTIV were tested for binding activity to various influenza antigens.

Combination of Ultrasonographic and Thermographic Assessments for Predicting Partial-thickness Pressure Ulcer Healing .

Unlabelled: The ability to predict the prognosis of a pressure ulcer is re- quired to establish appropriate management in the early phase. The present study reports the usefulness of a combined assessment tech- nique using ultrasonography and thermography for predicting delayed wound healing.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 37 patients with Stage I or II pressure ulcers.

Limited efficacy of inactivated influenza vaccine in elderly individuals is associated with decreased production of vaccine-specific antibodies.

During seasonal influenza epidemics, disease burden is shouldered predominantly by the very young and the elderly. Elderly individuals are particularly affected, in part because vaccine efficacy wanes with age. This has been linked to a reduced ability to induce a robust serum antibody response.

Plasmablast-derived polyclonal antibody response after influenza vaccination.

Conventional measurement of antibody responses to vaccines largely relies on serum antibodies, which are primarily produced by bone marrow plasma cells and may not represent the entire vaccine-induced B cell repertoire, including important functional components such as those targeted to mucosal sites. After immunization or infection, activated B cells differentiate into plasmablasts in local lymphoid organs, then traffic through circulation to the target sites where they further develop into plasma cells. On day 7 after influenza vaccination, a burst of plasmablasts, highly enriched for vaccine-specific antibody secreting cells, appears in the peripheral blood.

Influence of prior influenza vaccination on antibody and B-cell responses.

Currently two vaccines, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV), are licensed in the USA. Despite previous studies on immune responses induced by these two vaccines, a comparative study of the influence of prior influenza vaccination on serum antibody and B-cell responses to new LAIV or TIV vaccination has not been reported. During the 2005/6 influenza season, we quantified the serum antibody and B-cell responses to LAIV or TIV in adults with differing influenza vaccination histories in the prior year: LAIV, TIV, or neither.

Baseline levels of influenza-specific CD4 memory T-cells affect T-cell responses to influenza vaccines.

Background: Factors affecting immune responses to influenza vaccines have not been studied systematically. We hypothesized that T-cell and antibody responses to the vaccines are functions of pre-existing host immunity against influenza antigens.

Methodology/principal Findings: During the 2004 and 2005 influenza seasons, we have collected data on cellular and humoral immune reactivity to influenza virus in blood samples collected before and after immunization with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccines in healthy children and adults.

Comparison of the influenza virus-specific effector and memory B-cell responses to immunization of children and adults with live attenuated or inactivated influenza virus vaccines.

Cellular immune responses to influenza virus infection and influenza virus vaccination have not been rigorously characterized. We quantified the effector and memory B-cell responses in children and adults after administration of either live attenuated (LAIV) or inactivated (TIV) influenza virus vaccines and compared these to antibody responses. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected at days 0, 7 to 12, and 27 to 42 after immunization of younger children (6 months to 4 years old), older children (5 to 9 years old), and adults.

The role of gamma interferon in acquired host resistance against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice.

We investigated the expression of an acquired host resistance against Staphylococcus aureus infection in mice. When C57BL/6 mice were immunized with viable S. aureus and challenged with S.

Impairment of host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in liver of db/db and ob/ob mice.

Leptin is an adipocyte-derived hormone that regulates a number of physiological functions, including energy homeostasis and immune function. In immune responses, leptin plays a role in the induction of inflammation. We investigated a role of leptin in Listeria monocytogenes infection using leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice and leptin-deficient ob/ob mice.

Vaccination with nontoxic mutant toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 protects against Staphylococcus aureus infection.

To investigate whether vaccination with nontoxic mutant toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (mTSST-1) can protect against Staphylococcus aureus infection, mice were vaccinated with mTSST-1 and challenged with viable S. aureus. Survival in the mTSST-1-vaccinated group was higher, and bacterial counts in organs were significantly lower than those of control mice.

Roles of gamma interferon and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in shiga toxin lethality.

Shiga toxins (Stxs) have been specifically implicated as a causal factor of hemolytic uremic syndrome and acute encephalopathy. The first step of Stx-induced brain damage is considered to injure endothelial cells cooperating with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is one of the proinflammatory cytokines as well as TNF-alpha is critical in activation of endothelial cells.

[Effect of cytokines on the expression of Shiga toxin toxicity].

Shiga toxins(Stxs), which are produced by enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella dysenteriae serotype I, induce proinflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin(IL)-1 beta, IL-6, interferon-gamma, and chemokines such as IL-8 in intestinal epithelial cells, vascular endothelial cells, and monocytes/macrophages in vitro and in kidneys and spleen in vivo. Cytokines induced by Stxs and lipopolysaccharide enhance the toxicity of Stxs via up-regulation of the expression of Gb3, a Stx receptor, and infiltration of neutrophils. Stxs bind to neutrophils and transmigrate across intestinal mucosa and are transported to the target organs through bloodstreams.

Dysregulation of interleukin-10 and interleukin-12 are involved in the reduced host resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection in alymphoplastic aly mutant mice.

The aly is a unique spontaneous autosomal recessive mutation in mice that causes a systemic defect of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches and disorganized splenic and thymic structures with immunodeficiency. Our previous study demonstrated that resistance to Listeria monocytogenes infection and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production are attenuated in the mutant mice. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of decrease in antilisterial resistance and IFN-gamma production in aly mice.