Assessment of Learning Curve in Phacoemulsification Surgery Among the Eastern Province Ophthalmology Program Residents.

Purpose: To assess residents' performance of phacoemulsification surgery and determine which steps of the procedure are most difficult to learn, and to measure rate of intraoperative complications.

Design: This was a prospective observational study.

Methods: Phacoemulsification surgery was divided into steps and each step was given a proficiency grade by the attending consultant.

Optical coherence tomography patterns of diabetic macular edema in a Saudi population.

The study aims to describe the patterns of diabetic macular edema (DME) and their association with visual acuity using optical coherence tomography (OCT). This is a retrospective observational study with chart review of patients with DME including both type 1 and 2 diabetics seen between January 2015 and January 2016. Type of diabetes, diabetes duration, best-corrected visual acuity, DME pattern, central macular thickness (CMT), and stage of diabetic retinopathy.

Acute Bacterial Endophthalmitis Following Dexamethasone Intravitreal Implant: A Case Report.

A 54-year-old male presented to our ophthalmology clinic with a diagnosis of the right central retinal vein occlusion with macular edema. The patient was treated with dexamethasone intravitreal implant. Three days after the implant insertion, the patient experienced pain, redness and blurred vision in the same eye.

A healthy infant with bloody tears: Case report and mini-review of the literature.

A 4-month old healthy infant was brought by her parents to the emergency department with bloody tears of three days duration. There was also intermittent yellowish discharge since birth and a history of flu-like symptoms a week prior to presentation. Extensive investigations revealed no infection or other possible etiologies.

Comparative study of visual dysfunctions in 6-10-year-old very preterm- and full-term-born children.

Purpose: To compare visual dysfunction between very preterm-born (VPB) children with no retinopathy of prematurity (no-ROP) at 6-10 years of age and age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls.

Methods: This is an observational, prospective study that included 30 children, 6-10 years of age, born ≤ 32 weeks of gestation, with no-ROP, and 30 age- and sex-matched full-term-born controls, conducted from January 2015 until August 2015. All children underwent complete ophthalmic evaluation.

Recent developments in age-related macular degeneration: a review.

Background: Visual impairment in elderly people is a considerable health problem that significantly affects quality of life of millions worldwide. The magnitude of this issue is becoming more evident with an aging population and an increasing number of older individuals.

Objective: The objective of this article was to review the clinical and pathological aspects of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), diagnostic tools, and therapeutic modalities presently available or underway for both atrophic and wet forms of the disease.

Long-Term Visual Outcomes in Children with Primary Congenital Glaucoma.

Purpose: To determine the long-term visual outcomes and risk factors for visual loss in children with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) who underwent angle surgery over a 21-year period.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients who underwent trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy for PCG. Visual acuity (VA), surgeries, and underlying cause of visual impairment were recorded and compared.

Corneal biomechanics in normal Saudi individuals.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine and relate corneal biomechanical metrics with demographic, tomographic and refractive data in healthy Saudi people.

Design: Prospective, cross-sectional, observational study.

Participants: The study included 215 normal Saudi adult individuals.

Macular thickness in healthy Saudi adults. A spectral-domain optical coherence tomography study.

To determine the macular thickness in the eyes of healthy Saudi adults using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). Methods: This is a prospective, cross-sectional study, including 158 healthy participants between August and December 2015. Mean subject age was 29.

Surgical outcomes in children with primary congenital glaucoma: a 20-year experience.

Purpose: To describe demographic criteria of primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) subjects and to evaluate the surgical outcomes of children who underwent angle surgery over a 20-year period.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with PCG who underwent trabeculotomy, trabeculectomy, or combined trabeculotomy-trabeculectomy (CTT). The surgery was considered to be successful if intraocular pressure (IOP) was 21 mm Hg or less with or without treatment.

Age, gender and refractive error association with intraocular pressure in healthy Saudi participants: A cross-sectional study.

Purpose: To determine the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) and its association with age, gender and refractive error in non-glaucomatous Saudi participants.

Design: Hospital-based cross-sectional observational study during Vision Day Screening Program.

Participants: 458 participants living in the Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia.

Indications and techniques employed for keratoplasty in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia: 6 years of experience.

Background And Objectives: Keratoplasty services in Saudi Arabia have progressed steadily in the past few decades. We sought to identify the leading indications and types of keratoplasty performed in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia over a six-year period and to compare these indications with published data.

Design And Setting: This was a retrospective descriptive analysis of the records of patients who underwent keratoplasty at four ophthalmology centers in the Eastern Province between 2008 and 2013.

A clinic-based study of refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia in pediatric age-group.

Purpose: The purpose of this cross-sectional observational study was to determine the distribution and patterns of refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia in children seen at a pediatric eye care.

Materials And Methods: The study was conducted in a Private Hospital in Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from March to July 2013. During this period, a total of 1350 children, aged 1-15 years were seen at this Center's Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit.

Bleb-related infection revisited: a literature review.

Bleb-related infection (BRI) is one of the serious complications of glaucoma filtering surgery. This literature review is aimed at the evaluation of recent studies related to BRI. The review presented and discussed risk factors, and clinical and laboratory diagnosis emphasizing advances in diagnostic techniques to detect and distinguish the disease as well as to initiate immediate intensive antibacterial treatment.

Macular and retinal nerve fiber thickness in recovered and persistent amblyopia.

The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of increased macular or retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT) in amblyopic eyes, find if the increased macular or RNFLT is related to the lack of response in amblyopic eyes, and to explore whether the increased central macular thickness (CMT) in amblyopic eyes is purely related to the hyperopia. This is a prospective descriptive study. CMT and peripapillary RNFLT were measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography to evaluate 60 patients with unilateral-treated amblyopia (median age 11.

Familial bilateral combined hamartoma of retina and retinal pigment epithelium associated with neurofibromatosis 1.

We report a family of three siblings followed between 2005 and 2011 with bilateral combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, with the age of diagnosis ranging from 7 to 13 years. The main reason for consultation was reduction of vision and squint. The diagnosis was determined based on the clinical findings on fundus examination: increased pigmentation at the macula with slightly elevated, gray-white macular lesion, tortuosity of perimacular blood vessels and glial epiretinal membrane.