Male Obesity Associated Gonadal Dysfunction and the Role of Bariatric Surgery.

Obesity is an ever growing pandemic and a prevalent problem among men of reproductive age that can both cause and exacerbate male-factor infertility by means of endocrine abnormalities, associated comorbidities, and direct effects on the precision and throughput of spermatogenesis. Robust epidemiologic, clinical, genetic, epigenetic, and preclinical data support these findings. Clinical studies on the impact of medically induced weight loss on serum testosterone concentrations and spermatogenesis is promising but may show differential and unsustainable results.

Tuberculous and cryptococcal meningitis in a setting with high TB and low HIV prevalence.

Objective: To compare the differences in presentation and outcome of patients with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) and cryptococcal meningitis (CCM).

Study Design: Case series.

Place And Duration Of Study: The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from December 1995 to December 2005.